Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

Table 6 Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios of the association of violence and coercion (threats) with anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression in trafficked males, n = 446

	Unadjusted Model		Adjusted Model 1^a		Adjusted Model 2^b
	PR^c	95% CI^d	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI
Anxiety
Violence
No violence (reference)	1.0		1.0
Physical violence additional with threats made with weapons	1.49	1.00–2.19^*	1.41	0.86–2.31
Receiving threats during trafficking
None (reference)	1.0				1.0
Personal threats	1.36	1.14–1.62^***			1.33	1.08–1.64^**
Both personal and family threats	1.64	1.40–1.92^***			1.68	1.43–1.97^***
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Violence
No violence (reference)	1.0		1.0
Physical violence with additional threats made with weapons	1.60	0.92–2.78	1.59	1.05–2.42^*
Receiving threats during trafficking
None (reference)	1.0				1.0
Personal threats	1.80	1.39–2.35^***			1.75	1.51–2.03^***
Both personal and family threats	1.92	1.65–2.24^***			1.62	1.31–2.00^***
Depression
Violence
No violence (reference)	1.0		1.0
Physical violence with additional threats made with weapons	1.39	0.83–2.33	1.47	0.91–2.36
Receiving threats during trafficking
None (reference)	1.0				1.0
Personal threats	1.39	1.28–1.50^***			1.46	1.35–1.57^***
Both personal and family threats	1.42	1.24–1.62^***			1.33	1.11–1.58^***

Models for anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder were run separately but they were adjusted for the same variables
^*p ≤ 0.05
^**p ≤ 0.01
^***p ≤ 0.001
^aAdjusted Model 1 (violence): age, country of exploitation, sector of exploitation, time in trafficking
^bAdjusted Model 2 (coercion or threats): age, country of exploitation, sector of exploitation, time in trafficking
^cPR Prevalence ratio
^d95% Confidence interval

ISSN: 2050-7283