Measurement | All M (SD) | Face-to-face M (SD) | Online M (SD) | Z | p | r |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIMS Intrinsic | 16.16 (4.6) | 17.9 (3.5) | 13.9 (5.0) | 4.50 | .001 | .49 |
SIMS Identified | 19.1 (4.7) | 18.9 (5.4) | 19.4 (3.7) | 0.59 | .554 | .06 |
SIMS Extrinsic | 6.2 (2.3) | 6.2 (2.3) | 5.8 (2.7) | 0.71 | .475 | .08 |
SIMS Amotivation | 7.0 (2.9) | 6.7 (3.2) | 7.4 (2.4) | 2.04 | .042 | .22 |
TCS | 33.1 (6.6) | 36.0 (6.2) | 29.3 (4.9) | 5.19 | .001 | .57 |
Expertise and benevolence | 79.0 (11.4) | 84.2 (9.8) | 68.8 (13.7) | 3.02 | .003 | .33 |
Accountability | 65.2 (15.4) | 68.1 (17.1) | 57.7 (15.9) | 1.50 | .135 | .16 |
Pleasure and mastery | 67.3 (16.8) | 72.0 (16.5) | 55.2 (20.8) | 2.07 | .041 | .23 |
Relevance | 65.3 (19.1) | 66.0 (24.6) | 57.5 (19.7) | 1.16 | .247 | .13 |
Encouragement | 54.6 (14.6) | 59.0 (16.8) | 44.8 (14.4) | 2.77 | .006 | .30 |
Obstacles | 34.0 (13.6) | 29.9 (13.7) | 39.5 (11.6) | 2.17 | .039 | .24 |
Index | 65.5 (12.1) | 70.6 (12.0) | 58.9 (12.0) | 4.53 | <.001 | .49 |