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Table 4 Adjusted mean scores (M) with confidence intervals (CI) of mental health related problems by household size

From: Effect of household size on mental problems in children: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study

Household size

Na

3 years

5 years

8 years

Emotional regulation

Anxiety

Eating/somatic

Hyperactivity/concentration

Anxiety

Difficult temperament

Anxiety

Depression

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

M (95 % CI)

1

1 598

.00 (-.05, .05)

-.04 (-.10, .01)

.04 (-.02, .09)

-.01 (-.06, .04)

-.03 (-.10, .05)

.05 (-.03, .12)

.01 (-.09, .10)

.11 (-.01, .21)

2

23 535

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

17 041

.02 (.00, .04)

-.24 (-.26,-.22)

-.23 (-.25,-.21)

-.08 (-.10,-.06)

-.15 (-.17,-.12)

-.13 (-.16,-.10)

-.10 (-.14,-.07)

-.08 (-.11,-.04)

4

7388

-.07 (-.10,-.04)

-.29 (-.31,-.26)

-.25 (-.28,-.22)

-.24 (-.27,-.21)

-.22 (-.25,-.18)

-.31 (-.35,-.28)

-.16 (-.20,-.11)

-.14 (-.18,-.10)

5

1 528

-.15 (-.20,-.10)

-.30 (-.35,-.25)

-.28 (-.33,-.23)

-.28 (-.33,-.23)

-.16 (-.24,-.09)

-.29 (-.36,-.23)

-.20 (-.28,-.11)

-.12 (-.20,-.04)

6+

479

-.09 (-.19,-.00)

-.33 (-.42,-.24)

-.23 (-.32,-.14)

-.25 (-.33,-.16)

-.27 (-.38,-.16)

-.39 (-.50,-.28)

-.24 (-.39,-.08)

-.10 (-.26, .07)

  1. aNumbers of participants is for 3 years of age. Approximate numbers are 56 % of the listed figures for 5 years, and 34 % for 8 years
  2. The outcome scores are z-scaled (SD = 1) with parents only (size = 2) as reference. The results are adjusted for maternal age, maternal and paternal educational level, family income, maternal and paternal period of leave from work after child’s birth, maternal breastfeeding status when child is 18 months, and animals in the family. p < 10−9 (overall test of mean differences between categories) for the effect of household size (3 and more) on all outcome variables