Tobacco consumption and positive mental health: an epidemiological study from a positive psychology perspective

BMC Psychology

Table 1 Distribution of sex, age, education, income, Positive Mental Health and tobacco consumption by rural, migrant and urban groups in Peru. The PERU MIGRANT study, 2009

		Rural		Migrant		Urban
		(N = 201)		(N = 589)		(N = 199)		p*
		n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
Sex
	Male	95	47.3	280	47.5	92	46.2	0.95
	Female	106	52.7	309	52.5	107	53.8
Age (years)
	30-39	61	30.4	154	26.2	54	27.1	0.38
	40-49	55	27.4	178	30.3	51	25.6
	50-59	48	23.9	173	29.5	61	30.7
	60-99	37	18.4	82	14.0	33	16.6
Education
	without studies	68	33.8	59	10.0	2	1.0	<0.001
	primary	94	46.8	223	37.9	34	17.2
	secondary	33	16.4	242	41.2	107	54.0
	superior	6	3.0	64	10.9	55	27.8
Income
	<= 160 soles (US$ 50)	109	69.0	8	1.4	2	1.0	<0.001
	between 161–480 soles (US$ 51–150)	32	20.3	143	25.8	36	18.7
	between 481–800 soles (US$ 151–250)	10	6.3	292	52.6	104	53.9
	> = 801 soles (> = US$ 251)	7	4.4	112	20.2	51	26.4
Positive Mental Health
	(mean(standard deviation))	198	(5.9(1.9))	483	(6.5(1.8))	163	(6.8(1.8))	<0.001
Tobacco Consumption (TC)
	Lifetime TC	124	61.7	441	76.2	154	78.2	<0.001
	Recent TC	71	35.3	121	20.5	61	30.7	<0.001
	N° cigarettes in the last 30 days (median(iqr range))	6	(10(1–20))	37	(5(3–20))	32	(5.5(1–26.5))	0.95

*Chi-square test for categorical variables, ANOVA oneway for positive mental health and Kruskal-Wallis for N° cigarettes in the last 30 days
Lifetime TC: Have you ever smoked a cigarette? Current TC: Are you currently smoker? or Have you smoked in the last six months?
Source: PERU MIGRANT Study dataset

ISSN: 2050-7283