From: Risk factors for school-based presenteeism in children: a systematic review
Themes that impact school-based presenteeism | ||
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Factors that increase risk of presenteeism | Â | Factors that decrease risk of presenteeism |
- Conflicting symptom perceptions between relevant individuals* - Symptoms attributed to alternative causes | Perceptions about the illness / signs and symptom(s) | - Identifiable and measurable (e.g., a temperature) - Severe or contagious |
- High school absence | Children’s characteristics | - Country of education - Relevant individuals* believe children’s claims of illness |
- Children with high motivations (e.g., interest and enjoyment) toward school - Children that were worried about lost education - Children in transition periods | Children’s and parents’ motivations and attitudes towards school | - Parents that perceive presenteeism as unacceptable |
- Lack of childcare - Parents had employment worries - School staff that feel pressured to keep unwell children in school - Lack of medical knowledge among relevant individuals* | Organisational factors (including the school and parents’ employers) | - Parents’ employers support them when children were unwell - Parents perceive school staff manage unwell children appropriately - Parents were concerned about their unwell children - Policies that penalise schools for ineffectively managing unwell children |
- Policies that are vague about inclusion and exclusion criteria - Policies that accept children who are taking medication for the illness (prescription and non-prescription) | School sickness policy | - Policies that mitigate the financial consequences associated with children staying at home when unwell - Policies that adequately reflect day-to-day practices |