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Table 1 Sample characteristics of the expatriates

From: Loneliness and trust issues reshape mental stress of expatriates during early COVID-19: a structural equation modelling approach

Variables

n (%)

\(\overline{x }\)(SD), Range

Age

 

40.39 (13.72), 18–110

Gender

 Male

5407 (25.22%)

 

 Female

15,833 (73.85%)

 

 Prefer not to say/others

199 (0.93%)

 

Education

 Up to 12-year schooling

2446 (11.41%)

 

 College, bachelor and master

10,240 (47.76%)

 

 College/short cont. education

6434 (30.01%)

 

 PhD./Doctorate

2108 (9.83%)

 

 Other (Uninformative/NA/None)

211 (0.98%)

 

Employment

 Not employed

1775 (8.28%)

 

 Part-time employed

2171 (10.13%)

 

 Self-employed

2114 (9.86%)

 

 Full-time employed

10,445 (48.72%)

 

 Student

3074 (14.34%)

 

 Retired

1701 (7.93%)

 

 NA

159 (0.74%)

 

Marital status

  

 Single

6237 (29.09%)

 

 Married/cohabiting

12,907 (60.20%)

 

 Divorced/widowed

1524 (7.11%)

 

 Other (uninformative/NA)

771 (3.59%)

 

COVID-19 risk

 Yes

13,602 (63.45%)

 

 No

6092 (28.42%)

 

 Not sure/NA

1745 (8.14%)

 

Isolation type

 No isolated

767 (3.58%)

 

 Minor isolated

12,485 (58.23%)

 

 Complete isolated

8000 (37.32%)

 

 Others (uninformative/NA)

187 (0.87%)

 

Perceived stress

 

25.48 (7.25), 10–50

Perceived loneliness

 

7.38 (2.86), 3–15

Interpersonal trust

 

14.15 (3.36), 0–20

Institutional trust

 

40.40 (12.37), 0–60

Overall trust

 

54.64 (14.28), 0–80

  1. NA- Not available, n- frequency, %- percentage, \(\overline{x }\)- mean, SD- standard deviation.