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Table 3 Effects of covariates on burden of social isolation (T1, T2)

From: Genetic and environmental contributions to the subjective burden of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

T1: 2020

T2: 2021

 

Reduced model

Full model

Reduced model

Full model

 

Coef.

95% CI

Coef.

95% CI

Coef.

95% CI

Coef.

95% CI

Cohort 2: 2003/2004 (ref.)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Cohort 3: 1997/1998

0.319*

[0.140,0.499]

0.267*

[0.081,0.453]

0.366*

[0.266,0.466]

0.310*

[0.204,0.416]

Cohort 4: 1990–1993

0.239*

[0.045,0.432]

0.211

[− 0.004,0.426]

0.316*

[0.207,0.426]

0.257*

[0.135,0.380]

Gender: female

0.311*

[0.156,0.466]

0.285*

[0.132,0.437]

0.310*

[0.223,0.396]

0.294*

[0.207,0.381]

Spatial area: > = 50.000 core area

  

− 0.009

[− 0.168,0.151]

  

0.048

[− 0.045,0.140]

Eastern federal states

  

− 0.155

[− 0.353,0.043]

  

0.053

[− 0.059,0.164]

Single household

  

0.127

[− 0.100,0.355]

  

0.108

[− 0.003,0.219]

Highest educational level of mother of twins

  

0.030

[− 0.007,0.066]

  

− 0.001

[− 0.020,0.018]

Risk of poverty/low-income middle class (< = 80% of median of net equivalent income) (ref.)

  

Ref

   

Ref

 

Middle class (> 80–120%)

  

0.035

[− 0.150,0.219]

  

0.045

[− 0.057,0.148]

Upper/high-income (> 120%)

  

0.059

[− 0.153,0.271]

  

0.011

[− 0.098,0.119]

Information on income is missing

  

0.139

[− 0.113,0.390]

  

0.022

[− 0.153,0.197]

Loneliness before first lockdown

  

0.117*

[0.048,0.186]

  

0.070*

[0.031,0.108]

Intercept

− 0.324

[− 0.462,− 0.185]

− 0.948

[− 1.554,− 0.342]

− 0.359

[− 0.436,− 0.282]

− 0.447

[− 0.802,− 0.093]

N

798

 

798

 

2520

 

2520

 

N twin pairs

399

 

399

 

1260

 

1260

 
  1. Source: TwinLife v6-0–0 CoV1 (T1), CoV2 (T2); Sample: cohorts 2, 3 & 4
  2. Further control variables: sub-sample A, month of interview since start of data collection
  3. *p < 0.05