The relationship between beliefs in substance craving and quality of life among narcotics anonymous: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants and their relation with craving beliefs about substance use among the participants

Variable	Frequency (percent)	Craving beliefs about substance use		Statistical test (P value)
Variable	Frequency (percent)	Mean	SD	Statistical test (P value)
Age (yr.)
≤ 30	55 (27.2)	79.0	17.98	F = 0.22 (0.89)
31–40	75 (37.1)	77.11	21.28
41–50	46 (22.8)	76.0	23.58
> 50	26 (12.9)	78.77	19.82
Sex
Female	28 (13.9)	73.04	24.53	t = -1.26 (0.21)
Male	174 (86.1)	78.32	19.99	t = -1.26 (0.21)
Marital status
Single	56 (27.7)	76.67	20.57	F = 0.42 (0.66)
Married	132 (65.4)	78.93	19.30
Divorced/widow(er)	14 (6.9)	80.86	17.46
Education level
Illiterate	13 (6.4)	78.15	10.25	F = 0.65 (0.58)
< Diploma	84 (41.6)	79.06	22.80
Diploma	60 (29.7)	78.20	22.18
Academic	45 (22.3)	73.84	16.38
Job
Employed	157 (77.7)	75.33	19.74	t = -2.94 (0.004)
Unemployed	45 (22.3)	85.44	22.21	t = -2.94 (0.004)
Living place
Urban	174 (86.1)	77.15	22.19	Z = -1.07 (0.28)
Rural	28 (13.9)	80.29	4.99	Z = -1.07 (0.28)

SD = Standard Deviation, t = Independent t test, F = Analysis of variance, Z = Mann-Whitney U

ISSN: 2050-7283