Seeing past the tip of your own nose? How outward and self-centred orientations could contribute to closing the green gap despite helplessness

Table 4 Summary of the hierarchical linear regression predicting self-reported pro-environmental behaviour

	β	95% CI	t	p
Step 1	ΔR² = 0.018, F(3,493) = 2.99, p = 0.031
Gender	− 0.04	[− .0.12, 0.05]	− 0.818	0.414
Age	0.09	[0.01, 0.18]	2.16	0.032
Education	0.04	[− 0.04, 0.12]	0.913	0.361
Step 2	ΔR² = 0.109, F(4,489) = 15.2, p < 0.001
Environmental concern	0.21	[0.10, 0.32]	3.86	< 0.001
Helplessness	− 0.02	[− 0.12, 0.08]	− 0.377	0.706
Outward orientation	0.21	[0.12, 0.30]	4.57	< 0.001
Self-centred orientation	− 0.03	[− 0.11, 0.06]	− 0.604	0.546
Full model	adj. R² = .0.114, F(7,489) = 10.12, p < 0.001

The table shows standardized regression coefficients (β), t-values with their respective 95% confidence intervals and significance at the final step of the model, as well as the change in model fit at both steps (ΔR²). Significant regression coefficients (p < 0.05) are presented in bold0

ISSN: 2050-7283