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Table 4 Association of high risk occupations with the development of distressa

From: Psychological distress is more common in some occupations and increases with job tenure: a thirty-seven year panel study in the United States

 

Measure of Exposure to High Risk Occupation

 

Current

High Risk Occupation

 

Number of Years in

High Risk Occupation

 

Ten or More Years

In High Risk Occupation

Measure

OR

LB

UB

P

 

OR

LB

UB

P

 

OR

LB

UB

P

High risk occupation

1.20

1.13

1.28

< 0.0001

 

1.05

1.00

1.10

0.0499

 

1.46

1.07

1.99

0.0160

Age in years

1.01

1.00

1.03

0.1270

 

1.01

1.00

1.03

0.1509

 

1.01

0.99

1.03

0.2456

Rural resident

0.91

0.57

1.47

0.7024

 

0.91

0.56

1.47

0.6988

 

0.92

0.57

1.48

0.7275

Midlife obesity

1.40

1.06

1.85

0.0174

 

1.40

1.06

1.85

0.0178

 

1.42

1.08

1.88

0.0120

Midlife sedentary

1.12

0.75

1.67

0.5779

 

1.12

0.75

1.67

0.5785

 

1.12

0.76

1.67

0.5670

Education

              

 < High school

1.74

1.24

2.43

0.0012

 

1.74

1.25

2.43

0.0012

 

1.78

1.27

2.47

0.0007

 GED

1.49

1.01

2.20

0.0424

 

1.50

1.02

2.21

0.0414

 

1.50

1.02

2.21

0.0410

 High school diploma

1.31

0.89

1.93

0.1721

 

1.31

0.89

1.94

0.1704

 

1.33

0.90

1.96

0.1566

 Associate’s degree

0.86

0.58

1.26

0.4381

 

0.85

0.58

1.25

0.4098

 

0.86

0.58

1.26

0.4269

 Bachelor’s degree

0.68

0.38

1.22

0.1992

 

0.67

0.38

1.21

0.1864

 

0.67

0.37

1.21

0.1881

 Master’s degree or higher

0.96

0.94

0.97

< 0.0001

 

0.96

0.94

0.97

< 0.0001

 

0.96

0.94

0.97

< 0.0001

Income-to-Need ratio (/10)

0.76

0.57

1.00

0.0499

 

0.76

0.58

1.01

0.0557

 

0.76

0.57

1.00

0.0473

African American

0.64

0.40

1.03

0.0678

 

0.64

0.40

1.03

0.0674

 

0.69

0.43

1.11

0.1309

Hispanic

0.79

0.38

1.65

0.5330

 

0.79

0.38

1.65

0.5371

 

0.81

0.39

1.70

0.5804

Race, other

1.57

1.22

2.03

0.0004

 

1.58

1.23

2.04

0.0004

 

1.61

1.25

2.07

0.0002

White

0.68

0.58

0.79

< 0.0001

 

0.70

0.60

0.83

< 0.0001

 

0.68

0.58

0.79

< 0.0001

Female

1.27

0.94

1.73

0.1188

 

1.30

0.96

1.77

0.0900

 

1.27

0.94

1.72

0.1234

Married or partner

1.19

0.78

1.81

0.4255

 

1.21

0.79

1.84

0.3840

 

1.19

0.78

1.82

0.4086

Widowed, past 3 years

2.39

1.70

3.38

< 0.0001

 

2.40

1.70

3.39

< 0.0001

 

2.47

1.75

3.47

< 0.0001

Divorced, past 3 years

1.46

1.09

1.94

0.0099

 

1.45

1.09

1.94

0.0103

 

1.47

1.11

1.96

0.0081

Child with developmental disability

1.47

1.16

1.86

0.0014

 

1.46

1.16

1.86

0.0016

 

1.46

1.15

1.85

0.0017

Family member in poor health

1.48

1.14

1.94

0.0038

 

1.54

1.18

2.01

0.0015

 

1.51

1.16

1.97

0.0024

Unemployment ≥ 1 month

1.20

1.13

1.28

< 0.0001

 

1.05

1.00

1.10

0.0499

 

1.46

1.07

1.99

0.0160

Childhood fair/poor health

1.01

1.00

1.03

0.1270

 

1.01

1.00

1.03

0.1509

 

1.01

0.99

1.03

0.2456

  1. aData source: Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 2003–2017 (n = 24,789). Results of discrete-time hazard analysis. OR = odds ratio; LB, UB = lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval.
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BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

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