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Table 3 Hierarchical regression model examining baseline and changes in psychological variables as predictors of loneliness (T1)

From: Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

B

SE

β

B

SE

β

B

SE

β

PHQ-9 (T0)

1.36

0.17

0.58***

1.41

0.28

0.60***

0.82

0.27

0.35**

ΔPHQ-9

0.03

0.01

0.20**

0.03

0.01

0.17*

0.01

0.01

0.08

GAD-7 (T0)

   

− 0.06

0.34

− 0.02

− 0.11

0.33

− 0.04

ΔGAD-7

   

0.01

0.01

0.06

0.003

0.001

0.03

DIF (T0)

      

0.43

0.23

0.20

DDF (T0)

      

0.64

0.23

0.24**

EOT (T0)

      

0.25

0.28

0.07

ΔDIF

      

0.04

0.03

0.13

ΔDDF

      

0.09

0.03

0.21**

ΔEOT

      

0.07

0.03

0.15*

R2

  

0.29

  

.29

  

0.41

F for change in R2

  

32.79***

  

0.33

  

5.99***

  1. PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 General Anxiety Disorder-7, DIF Difficulties Identifying Feelings, DDF Difficulties Describing Feelings, EOT Externally Oriented Thinking
  2. All values are standardized regression weights. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001