Table 2 Relationships between the types of ACEs and the mental health outcomes and self-rated academic performance
ACE | Exposure (n, %) | Mental health outcomes | Self-rated academic performance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | Suicidal ideations | |||||||
ACEs types |  | Mean ± SD | p value | Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | p value | Mean ± SD | p value |
Physical abuse | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 652, 99.8% | 6.72 ± 5.52 | N/A | 46, 7.1% | 606, 92.9% | 0.783 | 3.80 ± 0.87 | N/A |
 No | 1, 0.2% | 2 |  | 0, 0% | 1, 100% |  | 3 |  |
Emotional abuse | ||||||||
 Yes | 374, 57.3% | 7.69 ± 5.62 |  < 0.001 | 25, 6.7% | 349, 93.3% | 0.677 | 3.79 ± 0.84 | 0.678 |
 No | 279, 42.7% | 5.41 ± 5.10 |  | 21, 7.5% | 258, 92.5% |  | 3.82 ± 0.90 |  |
Contact sexual abuse | ||||||||
 Yes | 190, 29.1% | 8.58 ± 6.03 |  < 0.001 | 25, 13.2% | 165, 86.8% |  < 0.001 | 3.77 ± 0.92 | 0.539 |
 No | 463, 70.9% | 5.95 ± 5.11 |  | 21, 4.5% | 442, 95.5% |  | 3.81 ± 0.84 |  |
Alcohol and/or drug abuser in the household | ||||||||
 Yes | 180, 27.6% | 7.91 ± 6.00 | 0.001 | 12, 6.7% | 168, 93.3% | 0.816 | 3.73 ± 0.82 | 0.183 |
 No | 473, 72.4% | 6.26 ± 5.26 |  | 34, 7.2% | 439, 92.8% |  | 3.83 ± 0.88 |  |
Incarcerated household member | ||||||||
 Yes | 132, 20.2% | 8.82 ± 5.84 |  < 0.001 | 15, 11.4% | 117, 88.6% | 0.030 | 3.76 ± 0.82 | 0.519 |
 No | 521, 79.8% | 6.18 ± 5.31 |  | 31, 5.9% | 490, 94.1% |  | 3.81 ± 0.88 |  |
Someone chronically depressed, mentally ill, institutionalized or suicidal | ||||||||
 Yes | 111, 17.0% | 8.63 ± 6.28 | 0.001 | 12, 10.8% | 99, 89.2% | 0.089 | 3.72 ± 0.84 | 0.284 |
 No | 542, 83.0% | 6.33 ± 5.27 |  | 34, 6.3% | 508, 93.7% |  | 3.82 ± 0.86 |  |
Household member treated violently | ||||||||
 Yes | 433, 66.3% | 7.73 ± 5.58 |  < 0.001 | 32, 7.4% | 401, 92.6% | 0.628 | 3.77 ± 0.85 | 0.157 |
 No | 220, 33.7% | 4.72 ± 4.82 |  | 14, 6.4% | 206, 93.6% |  | 3.87 ± 0.89 |  |
One or no parents, parental separation or divorce | ||||||||
 Yes | 301, 46.1% | 7.99 ± 5.58 |  < 0.001 | 25, 8.3% | 276, 91.7% | 0.244 | 3.76 ± 0.89 | 0.236 |
 No | 352, 53.9% | 5.63 ± 5.23 |  | 21, 6.0% | 331, 94.0% |  | 3.84 ± 0.84 |  |
Emotional neglect | ||||||||
 Yes | 444, 68.0% | 7.31 ± 5.69 |  < 0.001 | 35, 7.9% | 409, 92.1% | 0.222 | 3.77 ± 0.87 | 0.261 |
 No | 209, 32.0% | 5.45 ± 4.91 |  | 11, 5.3% | 198, 94.7% |  | 3.86 ± 0.85 |  |
Physical neglect | ||||||||
 Yes | 163, 25.0% | 8.33 ± 5.88 |  < 0.001 | 13, 8.0% | 150, 92.0% | 0.592 | 3.82 ± 0.90 | 0.798 |
 No | 490, 75.0% | 6.18 ± 5.29 |  | 33, 6.7% | 457, 93.3% |  | 3.79 ± 0.86 |  |
Bullying | ||||||||
 Yes | 230, 35.2% | 7.55 ± 5.19 | 0.005 | 17, 7.4% | 213, 92.6% | 0.798 | 3.79 ± 0.83 | 0.834 |
 No | 423, 64.8% | 6.27 ± 5.64 |  | 29, 6.9% | 394, 93.1% |  | 3.81 ± 0.88 |  |
Community violence | ||||||||
 Yes | 527, 80.7% | 6.96 ± 5.42 | 0.020 | 40, 7.6% | 487, 92.4% | 0.265 | 3.82 ± 0.85 | 0.211 |
 No | 126, 19.3% | 5.69 ± 5.83 |  | 6, 4.8% | 120, 95.2% |  | 3.71 ± 0.92 |  |
Collective violence | ||||||||
 Yes | 261, 40.0% | 8.23 ± 5.65 |  < 0.001 | 27, 10.3% | 234, 89.7% | 0.007 | 3.85 ± 0.84 | 0.408 |
 No | 392, 60.0% | 5.71 ± 5.20 |  | 19, 4.8% | 373, 95.2% |  | 3.78 ± 0.88 |  |