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Table 6 Breakdown on sleep and gratitude means according to mental health variables

From: The psychological impact of COVID-19 in a socio-politically unstable environment: protective effects of sleep and gratitude in Lebanese adults

 

PHQ-9

  

GAD-7

  

PSS

  

IES-22

  

M (SD)

t

Cohen’s D

M (SD)

t

Cohen’s D

M (SD)

t

Cohen’s D

M (SD)

t

Cohen’s D

PSQI

  < 5 (n = 174)

8.45 (5.39)

− 8.85***

0.95

8.44 (5.04)

− 7.82***

0.84

21.65 (6.08)

− 4.62***

0.49

24.13 (16.56)

− 7.61***

0.81

  > 5 (n = 174)

13.89 (6.05)

  

12.68 (5.07)

  

24.80 (6.62)

  

38.26 (18.01)

  

GQ-6

  < 33 (n = 187)

12.79 (6.21)

5.33***

− 0.57

11.94 (5.08)

5.22***

− 0.56

24.87 (6.13)

5.28***

− 0.57

33.98 (18.95)

3.03***

− 0.32

  > 33 (n = 161)

9.29 (5.96)

  

8.97 (5.51)

  

21.28 (6.49)

  

27.96 (17.85)

  
  1. Values for the M [mean] and SD [standard deviation] for the various scales Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Gratitude Questionnaire [GQ-6] with their respective T-statistic for the various mental health variables including Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7], and Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], Perceived Stress Scale [PSS], and Impact of Events Scale [IES-22]
  2. P values indicated as ***p < 0.001