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Table 5 Bivariate analysis of categorical variables associated with sleep and gratitude

From: The psychological impact of COVID-19 in a socio-politically unstable environment: protective effects of sleep and gratitude in Lebanese adults

 

PSQI

GQ-6

M

SD

t

p

Cohen's d

M

SD

t

p

Cohen's d

Gender

 Female

5.88

3.43

2.36

0.018

− 0.28

32.47

6.56

− 2.60

0.010

0.31

 Male

6.85

3.47

   

30.39

7.00

   

Age group

          

 18–25

6.29

3.55

0.94

0.347

− 0.10

30.98

7.19

− 3.28

0.001

0.34

  > 25

5.93

3.36

   

33.30

5.80

   

Professional status

          

 Employed

5.79

3.23

1.61

0.107

− 0.17

32.58

6.31

− 1.61

0.107

0.17

 Unemployed

6.40

3.60

   

31.41

7.00

   
 

M

SD

F (2, 347)

p

η2

M

SD

F (2, 347)

p

η2

Job loss

          

 Yes

6.86

3.68

3.41

0.034

0.33

32.86

6.23

1.75

0.174

0.28

 No

5.66

3.24

   

32.34

6.34

   

 Not applicable

6.54

3.60

   

31.10

7.27

   
  1. Values for the M [mean] and SD [standard deviation] for the various scales Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Gratitude Questionnaire [GQ-6] with their respective T-statistic, F-statistic, p-value for the various analysis