The psychological impact of COVID-19 in a socio-politically unstable environment: protective effects of sleep and gratitude in Lebanese adults

Table 11 Multivariate analysis: linear regression with PTSD as the dependent variable

	B (SE)	95% CI	β	T	p
Job loss (yes vs no^a)	1.15 (2.77)	− 4.30; 6.60	0.02	0.41	0.678
Professional (employed vs unemployed^a)	0.32 (2.07)	− 3.75; 4.39	0.01	0.15	0.877
Gender (female vs male^a)	2.72 (1.91)	− 1.04; 6.48	0.06	1.42	0.156
Age (> 25 vs 18–25^a years)	− 2.70 (2.06)	− 6.75; 1.34	− 0.07	− 1.31	0.190
Health care provider (yes vs no^a)	− 7.82 (2.35)	− 12.46; − 3.18	− 0.15	− 3.31	0.001
Education cat (university vs school^a)	− 3.86 (2.32)	− 8.44; 0.70	− 0.08	− 1.66	0.097
Gratitude (GQ-6)	− 0.36 (0.13)	− 0.63; − 0.09	− 0.13	− 2.69	0.007
Insomnia (PSQI)	2.47 (0.25)	1.96; 2.97	0.46	9.56	< 0.001

Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Gratitude Questionnaire [GQ-6]
B = unstandardized beta; β = standardized beta; CI = confidence interval; T-statistic and p value
^aReference group

ISSN: 2050-7283