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Table 4 Studies showing risk factors associated with psychological disorders

From: The psychological impact, risk factors and coping strategies to COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in the sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review of existing literature

Variables

PTSD

Anxiety

Depression

Insomnia

Stress

General psychological disorders

Age

[38, 41, 42] *

[36] *

N/A

N/A

[36] *

[36] *

Female Gender

[38, 42]*

[36, 39, 43,44,45] *

[36, 39, 43,44,45] *

[37, 39] *

[36, 43] *

N/A

Marital status

[38] *

[37] *

[37] *

[37] *

N/A

N/A

Education

[41] *

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Income

N/A

[36] *

[36] *

[36] *

[36] *

N/A

Physicians

N/A

[41, 42] *

[37, 43, 44] *

[37, 43,44,45] *

[36, 37] *

N/A

Nurses

[38, 41] *

[35, 37, 44, 45] *

[35, 37, 44, 45] *

[36, 37] *

[35,36,37] *

N/A

Pharmacists

[38, 41] *

[36, 37, 39, 44, 45] *

[36, 37, 39, 44, 45] *

[36, 37] *

[36, 37] *

N/A

Lab. Tech

[38, 41] *

[36, 37, 39, 44, 45] *

[36, 37, 39, 44, 45] *

[36, 37] *

[35,36,37, 45] *

N/A

Frontline workers

[38, 41, 42] *

[35,36,37,38,39, 41,42,43,44,45] *

[35,36,37,38,39, 41,42,43,44,45] *

[36, 37] *

[35,36,37, 45] *

N/A

Stigma

[42] *

[37] *

[37] *

[37] *

[37] *

[37] *

Medical illness

[42] *

[37, 43, 44] **

[37, 43, 44] *

[37] *

[37, 43] *

N/A

Mental Illness

[42] *

[43, 44] *

[43, 44] *

N/A

[43] *

N/A

Lack of PPEs

[38, 41, 42] *

[35,36,37,38,39, 41,42,43,44,45] *

[35,36,37,38,39, 41,42,43,44,45] *

[35,36,37] *

[35,36,37] *

N/A

Contact with COVID-19 cases

[38, 41, 42] *

[35,36,37] *

[35,36,37] *

[35,36,37] *

[35,36,37, 43] *

N/A

Poor Social support

[42] *

[37, 43] *

[37, 43] *

[37, 43] *

[43] *

N/A

Living Alone

N/A

[45] *

[45] *

[45] *

N/A

[45]

Living with a family

N/A

[36] *

[36] *

N/A

[36] *

N/A

Infected family member

N/A

[36, 37] *

[36, 37] *

[36, 37] *

[36, 37] *

N/A

  1. *positive association; N/A No association