Workplace incivility as a risk factor for workplace bullying and psychological well-being: a longitudinal study of targets and bystanders in a sample of swedish engineers

Table 4 Standardized beta coefficients, confidence intervals, and partial eta squares of variables predicting well-being at t2 (time 1 predictors) and t3 (time 2 predictors) respectively

	Predictor t1	Predictor t2	Time 2			Time 3
			Well-Being t2 (n = 186)			Well-Being t3 (n = 180)
			β	95% CI	η²_p	β	95% CI	η²_p
Step 1	Well-Being t1	Well-Being t2	0.66***	0.52–0.74	0.43	0.72***	0.66–0.89	0.50
	EB t1	EB t2	− 0.07	− 0.60–0.20	0.01	− 0.01	− 0.41–0.39	0.00
	WB t1	WB t2	0.06	− 0.18–0.52	0.01	0.01	− 0.34–0.41	0.00
Step 2	Well-Being t1	Well-Being t2	0.62***	0.49–0.70	0.40	0.72***	0.66–0.90	0.47
	EB t1	EB t2	− 0.01	− 0.43–0.41	0.00	− 0.01	− 0.46–0.40	0.00
	WB t1	WB t2	0.09	− 0.14–0.62	0.01	0.01	− 0.38–0.43	0.00
	EI t1	EI t2	− 0.28**	− 0.88 to − 0.18	0.05	0.03	− 0.27–0.38	0.00
	WI t1	WI t2	0.13	− 0.09–0.49	0.01	− 0.02	− 0.29–0.24	0.00

EB experienced bullying, WB witnessed bullying, EI experienced incivility, WI witnessed incivility
**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 2050-7283