Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study

Table 2 Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the total score of NAQ-R, individual and occupational resources, and psychological distress

	Variables	Range	Mean (SD)	Alpha	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	Workplace bullying at T1	22–88	26.0 (7.4)	0.92	1.00
2	Supervisor support at T1	3–12	8.7 (2.3)	0.81	− 0.30**	1.00
3	Co-worker support at T1	3–12	9.6 (2.0)	0.80	− 0.27**	0.53**	1.00
4	Family/friends support at T1	3–12	8.8 (2.3)	0.79	− 0.06**	0.27**	0.34**	1.00
5	Active solution at T1	3–12	9.2 (2.3)	0.86	0.01	0.20**	0.22**	0.16**	1.00
6	Seeking help at T1	3–12	8.2 (2.5)	0.84	− 0.08**	0.33**	0.34**	0.24**	0.58**	1.00
7	Changing mood at T1	3–12	7.9 (2.6)	0.85	0.07**	0.10**	0.15**	0.24**	0.26**	0.25**	1.00
8	Emotional expression at T1	3–12	5.1 (1.6)	0.45	0.17**	− 0.01	0.08**	0.18**	0.13**	0.27**	0.33**	1.00
9	Avoidance at T1	3–12	5.3 (1.9)	0.71	0.27*	− 0.11**	− 0.10**	− 0.06**	− 0.02	− 0.08**	0.15**	0.30**	1.00
10	Changing view at T1	3–12	7.4 (2.2)	0.76	− 0.04	0.20**	0.23**	0.19**	0.36**	0.34**	0.37**	0.17**	0.16	1.00
11	Resilience at T1	0–96	51.5 (14.7)	0.94	− 0.11**	0.28**	0.33**	0.33**	0.38**	0.32**	0.27**	0.06*	− 0.22**	0.47**	1.00
12	Psychological distress at T1	0–24	5.8 (5.1)	0.90	0.45**	− 0.26**	− 0.27**	− 0.13**	− 0.05*	− 0.11**	− 0.01	0.17**	0.34	− 0.14**	− 0.36**	1.00
13	Psychological distress at T2	0–24	5.2 (5.1)	0.91	0.27**	− 0.14**	− 0.19**	− 0.11**	− 0.03	− 0.08**	− 0.01	0.14**	0.28**	− 0.12**	− 0.29**	0.60**

ISSN: 2050-7283