Variable | Follow-up | Drop-out | p value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean | SD | n | % | Mean | SD | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
Gender |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Male | 1142 | 57.6 |  |  | 230 | 39.4 |  |  |  |
 Female | 894 | 42.4 |  |  | 354 | 60.6 |  |  |  |
Age (years) |  |  | 42.8 | 11.4 |  |  | 46.1 | 12.5 |  < 0.01 |
 20–24 | 124 | 6.1 |  |  | 23 | 4.0 |  |  |  |
 25–29 | 205 | 10.1 |  |  | 45 | 7.9 |  |  |  |
 30–34 | 215 | 10.6 |  |  | 60 | 10.5 |  |  |  |
 35–39 | 298 | 14.6 |  |  | 71 | 12.4 |  |  |  |
 40–44 | 250 | 12.3 |  |  | 69 | 12.1 |  |  |  |
 45–49 | 222 | 10.9 |  |  | 42 | 7.4 |  |  |  |
 50–54 | 333 | 16.3 |  |  | 65 | 11.4 |  |  |  |
 55–59 | 290 | 14.2 |  |  | 88 | 15.4 |  |  |  |
 Over 60 | 99 | 4.9 |  |  | 108 | 18.9 |  |  |  |
Educational status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Under high school graduate | 563 | 27.7 |  |  | 157 | 26.9 |  |  |  |
 Junior college/technical school graduate | 671 | 33.0 |  |  | 228 | 39.0 |  |  |  |
 University/graduate school graduate | 802 | 39.4 |  |  | 199 | 34.1 |  |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.010 |
 Currently married | 1498 | 73.6 |  |  | 448 | 79.0 |  |  |  |
 Never married/divorced/widowed | 538 | 26.4 |  |  | 119 | 21.0 |  |  |  |
Having chronic disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.322 |
 Yes | 445 | 21.9 |  |  | 138 | 23.6 |  |  |  |
 No | 1591 | 78.1 |  |  | 446 | 76.4 |  |  |  |
Occupational characteristics | |||||||||
Occupation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Administrator/clerk | 741 | 36.4 |  |  | 168 | 29.3 |  |  |  |
 Technician | 189 | 9.3 |  |  | 23 | 4.0 |  |  |  |
 Fieldworker‡ | 268 | 13.2 |  |  | 88 | 15.3 |  |  |  |
 Nursery staff | 262 | 12.9 |  |  | 83 | 14.5 |  |  |  |
 Public health nurse/nutritionist | 153 | 7.5 |  |  | 74 | 12.9 |  |  |  |
 Medical technician | 54 | 2.7 |  |  | 17 | 3.0 |  |  |  |
 Hospital nurse/midwife | 83 | 4.1 |  |  | 71 | 12.4 |  |  |  |
 Fire defense personnel | 240 | 11.8 |  |  | 27 | 4.7 |  |  |  |
 Others | 44 | 2.2 |  |  | 23 | 4.0 |  |  |  |
Employment status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.01 |
 Manager | 41 | 2.0 |  |  | 18 | 3.1 |  |  |  |
 Middle manager | 179 | 8.9 |  |  | 31 | 5.3 |  |  |  |
 Assistant manager | 571 | 58.5 |  |  | 118 | 20.2 |  |  |  |
 General employee | 942 | 47.0 |  |  | 228 | 39.0 |  |  |  |
 Re-employment after retirement | 53 | 2.6 |  |  | 70 | 12.0 |  |  |  |
 Part-time | 194 | 9.7 |  |  | 105 | 18.0 |  |  |  |
 Others | 24 | 1.2 |  |  | 14 | 2.4 |  |  |  |
Shift work | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.014 |
 Yes | 605 | 29.7 |  |  | 176 | 35.3 |  |  |  |
 No | 1431 | 70.3 |  |  | 322 | 64.7 |  |  |  |
Life event(s) during follow-up | |||||||||
Yes | 1249 | 61.3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 787 | 38.7 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Scale scores at T1 | |||||||||
Workplace bullying |  |  | 25.9 | 7.4 |  |  | 27.0 | 9.8 |  < 0.01 |
Supervisor support |  |  | 8.8 | 2.3 |  |  | 8.4 | 2.3 |  < 0.01 |
Co-worker support |  |  | 9.6 | 2.0 |  |  | 9.3 | 2.0 |  < 0.01 |
Family/friends support | Â | Â | 8.8 | 2.3 | Â | Â | 8.9 | 2.3 | 0.276 |
Active solution |  |  | 9.2 | 2.3 |  |  | 8.7 | 2.5 |  < 0.01 |
Seeking help |  |  | 8.2 | 2.5 |  |  | 7.8 | 2.6 |  < 0.01 |
Changing mood | Â | Â | 7.9 | 2.6 | Â | Â | 7.6 | 2.7 | 0.023 |
Emotional expression | Â | Â | 5.1 | 1.6 | Â | Â | 5.1 | 1.6 | 0.401 |
Avoidance | Â | Â | 5.3 | 1.9 | Â | Â | 5.4 | 2.1 | 0.383 |
Changing view | Â | Â | 7.4 | 2.2 | Â | Â | 7.3 | 2.5 | 0.502 |
Resilience | Â | Â | 51.5 | 14.7 | Â | Â | 50.1 | 15.8 | 0.055 |
Psychological distress |  |  | 5.8 | 5.1 |  |  | 6.6 | 5.7 |  < 0.01 |