Are all types of empathy associated with lower aggression in athletes? A cross-sectional study on Iranian athletes

Table 3 Correlation between empathy and aggression in athletes

	Empathic concern	Perspective-taking	Personal distress	Interpersonal reactivity index	Proactive aggression	Reactive aggression	Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire	Physical aggression	Verbal aggression	Anger	Hostility	Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire
Fantasy	0.16***	0.001	0.309***	0.693***	0.095*	0.195***	0.173***	0.095*	0.122**	0.147**	0.244***	0.191***
Empathic concern		0.244***	0.139**	0.619***	− 0.241***	− 0.065	− 0.161***	− 0.092*	− 0.098*	− 0.011	0.034	− 0.038
Perspective-taking			− 0.191***	0.397***	− 0.23***	− 0.341***	0.266***	− 0.336***	− 0.235***	− 0.318***	− 0.281***	− 0.37***
Personal distress				0.576***	0.086	0.353***	0.266***	0.161***	0.169***	0.385***	0.362***	0.351***
Interpersonal reactivity index					− 0.9	0.094*	0.014	− 0.058	0.004	0.113*	0.178***	0.085
Proactive aggression						0.526***	0.848***	0.437***	0.247***	0.288***	0.234***	0.387***
Reactive aggression							0.897***	0.579***	0.376***	0.508***	0.45***	0.609***
Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire								0.589***	0.36***	0.495***	0.403***	0.588***
Physical aggression									0.533***	0.55***	0.513***	0.81***
Verbal aggression										0.477***	0.479***	0.728***
Anger											0.532***	0.826***
Hostility												0.811***

ISSN: 2050-7283