Table 2 Aggression and empathy across different kinds of sports. Values are reported as mean (SD)
| Â | Contact or non-contact sport | Team or individual sport | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contact sport | Non-contact sport | p value (Mann–Whitney test) | Individual sport | Team sport | p value (Mann–Whitney test) | |
Personal distress | 13.07 (5.05) | 13.89 (5.51) |  > 0.05 | 13.46 (5.21) | 12.68 (5.17) |  > 0.05 |
Empathic concern | 19.69 (4.39) | 20.16 (6.63) |  > 0.05 | 19.84 (4.52) | 19.8 (4.22) |  > 0.05 |
Fantasy | 14.25 (5.43) | 14.84 (5.76) |  > 0.05 | 14.66 (5.54) | 13.32 (5.42) |  > 0.05 |
Perspective-taking | 15.32 (4.44) | 16.97 (4.17) |  < 0.001 | 15.88 (4.45) | 15.55 (4.3) |  > 0.05 |
Interpersonal reactivity index | 62.35 (10.92) | 65.89 (12.07) |  < 0.01 | 63.85 (11.44) | 61.36 (11) |  > 0.05 |
Reactive aggression | 7.02 (3.52) | 7.43 (3.71) |  > 0.05 | 7.16 (3.73) | 7.1 (2.74) |  > 0.05 |
Proactive aggression | 2.46 (2.91) | 2.58 (3.15) |  > 0.05 | 2.57 (2.95) | 2.14 (3.12) |  > 0.05 |
Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire | 9.48 (5.57) | 10.02 (6.05) |  > 0.05 | 9.73 (5.87) | 9.25 (4.91) |  > 0.05 |
Verbal aggression | 12.58 (4.9) | 12.39 (4.7) |  > 0.05 | 12.65 (4.91) | 11.89 (4.4) |  > 0.05 |
Physical aggression | 21.71 (6.86) | 21.37 (6.48) |  > 0.05 | 21.71 (6.88) | 21.1 (6.03) |  > 0.05 |
Anger | 16.66 (6.74) | 17.7 (7.48) |  > 0.05 | 17.4 (7.23) | 14.93 (5.16) |  > 0.05 |
Hostility | 17.94 (7.4) | 19.26 (7.7) |  > 0.05 | 18.61 (7.49) | 17.03 (7.52) |  > 0.05 |
Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire | 68.91 (20.63) | 70.74 (21.6) |  > 0.05 | 70.38 (21.34) | 64.97 (18.21) |  > 0.05 |