Table 1 Baseline sample characteristics Agincourt, South Africa
Baseline variables | Baseline sample | Fruit and vegetable servings/day | p-valuea | Fruit servings/day | p-valuea | Vegetable servings/day | p-valuea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–1 | 2 | ≥ 3 | 0 | 1 | ≥ 2 | 0 | 1 | ≥ 2 | ||||||
N (%) | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||
All | 3891 | 2452 | 881 | 526 | 933 | 2504 | 430 | 1286 | 2222 | 371 | ||||
Age (in years) | 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80 or more | 742 (19.2) 1110 (28.7) 1018 (26.3) 681 (17.8) 313 (8.1) | 68.2 64.9 62.3 58.7 63.9 | 20.9 22.6 23.9 25.0 20.6 | 11.0 12.5 13.8 16.3 15.5 | 0.017 | 22.9 23.5 23.6 23.7 32.5 | 66.0 65.1 65.6 65.4 56.6 | 11.1 11.4 10.8 10.8 10.9 | 0.093 | 39.7 34.6 30.7 28.3 32.7 | 54.5 57.1 59.0 58.9 55.1 | 5.8 8.3 10.4 12.8 12.2 | < 0.001 |
Sex | Female Male | 2184 (56.1) 1707 (43.9) | 62.3 65.2 | 23.7 21.8 | 14.1 13.0 | 0.174 | 24.4 23.8 | 64.7 64.8 | 10.9 11.4 | 0.879 | 30.4 36.7 | 58.7 55.5 | 11.0 7.8 | < 0.001 |
Education | None 1–7 years 8–11 12 or more | 1681 (43.3) 1279 (32.9) 441 (11.4) 481 (12.4) | 65.7 62.6 62.0 60.3 | 21.6 24.1 24.1 22.6 | 12.7 13.3 13.9 17.2 | 0.111 | 30.7 22.8 15.7 12.7 | 61.2 65.9 70.4 69.1 | 8.1 11.3 13.9 18.2 | < 0.001 | 28.4 33.4 41.7 41.5 | 59.0 57.8 51.7 55.4 | 12.7 8.8 6.6 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Marital status | Married/cohab Not married | 2066 (53.1) 1823 (46.9) | 61.8 65.5 | 24.4 21.1 | 13.8 13.4 | 0.035 | 20.6 28.2 | 67.8 61.2 | 11.6 10.6 | < 0.001 | 31.9 34.6 | 59.4 54.9 | 8.7 10.5 | 0.013 |
Wealth index | Low Middle High | 1531 (39.3) 763 (19.6) 1597 (41.0) | 69.1 65.7 57.1 | 19.8 22.4 25.9 | 11.1 11.9 16.9 | < 0.001 | 34.2 22.7 15.2 | 58.1 67.1 70.0 | 7.6 10.3 14.9 | < 0.001 | 30.1 36.7 34.4 | 58.4 55.1 57.3 | 11.5 8.2 8.4 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol dependence | No Yes | 3838 (98.7) 52 (1.3) | 63.3 76.9 | 23.1 5.8 | 13.6 17.3 | 0.013 | 23.8 48.1 | 65.1 42.3 | 11.1 9.6 | < 0.001 | 33.2 30.8 | 57.3 57.7 | 9.5 11.5 | 0.858 |
Current tobacco use | No Yes | 3316 (85.3) 572 (14.7) | 62.9 67.1 | 23.3 20.2 | 13.8 12.6 | 0.152 | 22.6 33.1 | 65.7 58.9 | 11.7 8.0 | < 0.001 | 33.1 33.5 | 57.9 53.7 | 9.0 12.8 | 0.012 |
Physical activity | Low Moderate High | 1588 (41.1) 910 (23.5) 1368 (35.4) | 60.1 65.7 65.8 | 24.5 21.9 21.7 | 15.4 12.5 12.5 | 0.009 | 20.2 21.4 30.4 | 66.7 68.5 60.0 | 13.1 10.1 9.5 | < 0.001 | 30.7 35.1 34.4 | 59.6 57.4 54.7 | 9.6 7.5 10.8 | 0.007 |
Body mass index | Normal Under Overweight Obesity | 1316 (35.2) 165 (4.4) 1091 (29.2) 1168 (31.2) | 63.4 62.6 67.9 58.4 | 22.5 19.6 20.1 26.7 | 14.1 17.8 12.0 14.8 | < 0.001 | 27.3 27.6 24.6 19.0 | 62.3 61.3 65.1 68.1 | 10.4 11.0 10.2 12.9 | < 0.001 | 30.8 29.3 36.7 32.2 | 58.6 53.7 55.8 57.9 | 10.6 17.1 7.4 9.9 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | No Yes | 1616 (42.2) 2215 (57.8) | 66.9 60.7 | 20.3 24.8 | 12.7 14.5 | < 0.001 | 26.5 22.4 | 62.4 66.4 | 11.1 11.1 | 0.014 | 35.6 30.8 | 56.4 58.4 | 8.1 10.8 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | No Yes | 3225 (89.1) 395 (10.9) | 63.7 60.5 | 22.9 24.1 | 13.4 15.4 | 0.405 | 24.9 18.2 | 64.4 68.9 | 10.7 12.9 | 0.011 | 32.9 31.1 | 57.6 58.7 | 9.5 10.1 | 0.754 |
Dyslipidaemia | No Yes | 1881 (56.6) 1444 (43.4) | 64.5 61.5 | 23.0 23.9 | 12.5 14.6 | 0.129 | 25.9 21.6 | 64.7 66.4 | 9.4 12.0 | 0.002 | 33.0 32.2 | 57.7 57.6 | 9.3 10.2 | 0.636 |
Cans/bottles/cups sugary drinks/week | 0 1 2 ≥ 3 | 843 (21.8) 906 (23.4) 1106 (28.6) 1009 (26.1) | 70.7 63.0 64.5 57.2 | 19.1 22.0 24.7 24.8 | 10.2 15.0 10.8 18.0 | < 0.001 | 50.6 23.7 14.2 13.5 | 41.7 64.6 77.0 70.8 | 7.7 11.6 8.8 15.7 | < 0.001 | 36.6 30.3 32.2 33.9 | 52.4 57.9 59.7 58.0 | 10.9 11.9 8.1 8.1 | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms | No Yes | 3268 (84.5) 598 (15.5) | 63.2 65.1 | 23.2 21.2 | 13.6 13.7 | 0.570 | 23.5 27.1 | 65.1 63.2 | 11.3 9.7 | 0.133 | 33.4 32.0 | 57.4 56.9 | 9.3 11.1 | 0.367 |