Revisiting the multidimensional interaction model of stress, anxiety and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study

Table 5 Standardized regression coefficients for variables in Model 2 by gender

Predictor		Outcome	Women β	Men β	D β	D p
Stress W1	→	Anxiety W1	0.756***	0.733***	0.023	1.000
Stress W1	→	TOC W2	–0.493**	–0.355**	–0.138	1.000
Anxiety W1	→	EOC W2	–0.087	0.223†	–0.311	1.000
Anxiety W1	→	TOC W2	0.289†	0.186	0.103	1.000
Stress W1	→	EOC W2	0.293†	0.289*	0.004	1.000
EOC W2	→	Anxiety W2	0.561***	0.528***	0.032	1.000
TOC W2	→	Anxiety W2	–0.05	–0.039	–0.011	1.000
Anxiety W1	→	Anxiety W2	0.255†	0.244*	0.011	1.000
Stress W1	→	Anxiety W2	–0.106	0.026	–0.132	1.000
EOC W2	→	Stress W2	0.252**	0.367***	–0.115	1.000
TOC W2	→	Stress W2	–0.206**	–0.304***	0.098	1.000
Anxiety W2	→	Stress W2	0.485***	0.476***	0.009	1.000
Stress W1	→	Stress W2	–0.027	0.107	–0.134	1.000
Anxiety W1	→	Stress W2	0.175	–0.101	0.276	1.000

TOC task-oriented coping, EOC emotion-oriented coping, AOC avoidance-oriented coping, W1 wave 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic, W2 wave 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic, D β = difference in betas, D p = p value for difference. †p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 2050-7283