Role of time perspectives and self-control on well-being and ill-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multiple mediation model

Table 2 Spearman correlations between the main variables (N = 1,924)

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1 Sex (1)	1
2 Age	− 0.09**	1
3 Major (1)	0.14**	− 0.02	1
4 Major (2)	− 0.20**	0.01	− 0.15**	1
5 Major (3)	− 0.44**	− 0.00	− 0.30**	− 0.15**	1
6 Major (5)	− 0.02	0.00	− 0.06*	− 0.03	− 0.05**	1
7 PB (2)	0.01	0.07**	− 0.18**	0.05*	-0.01	0.06**	1
8 Grade (2)	− 0.03	0.42**	0.10**	− 0.05	0.08**	− 0.03	− 0.05*	1
9 Grade (3)	0.07**	0.39**	− 0.06**	− 0.06**	− 0.13**	− 0.02	− 0.09**	− 0.08**	1
10 PIA	− 0.08**	0.15**	− 0.01	0.01	0.06**	0.01	− 0.01	0.17**	0.04	1
11 PIL	− 0.13**	0.08**	− 0.04	0.02	0.05*	− 0.02	− 0.04	0.00	0.04	0.39**
12 FTP	0.09**	0.05*	0.02	− 0.01	− 0.07**	− 0.02	− 0.05*	0.07**	0.11**	− 0.07**	− 0.07**	1
13 PHTP	0.03	− 0.02	− 0.06**	0.04	− 0.01	− 0.01	0.10**	0.00	− 0.08**	0.14**	0.14**	− 0.23**	1
14 SC	− 0.02	− 0.00	0.01	− 0.04	0.01	0.01	− 0.04	− 0.00	0.06**	− 0.22**	− 0.19**	0.35**	− 0.65**	1
15 LS	0.01	− 0.01	0.03	− 0.02	− 0.06**	− 0.02	− 0.08**	− 0.02	0.06*	− 0.20**	− 0.19**	0.30**	− 0.15**	0.29**	1
16 PA	− 0.03	− 0.02	0.00	− 0.01	− 0.02	0.02	− 0.07**	− 0.01	0.01	− 0.12**	− 0.13**	0.37**	− 0.10**	0.23**	0.45**	1
17 Anxiety	− 0.04	0.03	0.01	0.05*	0.05*	− 0.05*	0.02	0.09**	− 0.03	0.20**	0.20**	− 0.18**	0.38**	− 0.40**	− 0.21**	− 0.20**	1
18 NA	− 0.08**	0.06**	− 0.05*	0.05*	0.06**	− 0.00	0.05*	0.05*	− 0.02	0.13**	0.15**	− 0.25**	0.38**	− 0.42**	− 0.20**	− 0.17**	0.58**
M		19.57								11.50	9.94	17.53	10.39	60.13	19.80	31.40	12.00
SD		1.58								2.44	2.06	3.14	3.04	10.73	5.26	6.58	4.67

Note. All categorical variables were coded as dummy variables. Only the coded categories with significant correlations were presented in the above table for the well-formatted layout. Sex was coded as 0 = male, 1 = female. Major1 was coded as 0 = literature, 1 = economics, major 2 was coded as 0 = literature, 1 = science, major 3 was coded as 0 = literature, 1 = engineering, major 5 was coded as 0 = literature, 1 = physical education, PB: Place of birth; PB 2 was coded as 0 = city, 1 = Country, grade 2 was coded as 0 = freshmen, 1 = junior, grade 3 was coded as 0 = freshmen, 1 = Senior and above. PIA: Perceived impact of COVID-19 academic; PIL: Perceived impact of COVID-19 life; FTP: Future time perspective; PHTP: present-hedonistic time perspective; SC: self-control; LS: life satisfaction; PA: positive affect; NA: negative Affect
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

ISSN: 2050-7283