Skip to main content

Table 3 Multinomial models for loneliness [no waves/ one wave/ multiple waves] according to various indicators of parental bonding and with mediation analysis adjusting for social isolation

From: Associations between parental bonding, social isolation and loneliness: do associations persist in later life and is isolation a mediator between parental bonding and loneliness?

 

Adjusted for Isolation

Model

n

RRR

95% CI

n

Adjusted RRR

95% CI

1

Overall PBI

4384

  

4384

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.97

.95–.98***

 

0.97

.95–.98***

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.93

.92–.95***

 

0.94

.92–.95***

2

Overall Care

4526

  

4526

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.95

.93–.98***

 

0.95

.93–.98**

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.9

.88–.92***

 

0.9

.88–.92***

3

Overall Overprotection

4471

  

4471

  

Lonely at one wave

 

1.06

1.03–1.09***

 

1.06

1.03–1.09***

Lonely at multiple waves

 

1.11

1.08–1.14***

 

1.11

1.08–1.14***

4

Mother overall

4889

  

4637

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.96

.93–.98***

 

0.96

.93–.98**

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.9

.89–.92***

 

0.9

.88–.92***

5

Mother Care

4979

  

4724

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.95

.90–.99*

 

0.94

.90–.99*

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.85

.82–.89***

 

0.85

.82–.89***

6

Mother Overprotection

4953

  

4699

  

Lonely at one wave

 

1.09

1.04–1.13***

 

1.08

1.04–1.13***

Lonely at multiple waves

 

1.17

1.13–1.22***

 

1.18

1.13–1.22***

7

Father overall

4776

  

4526

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.94

.91–.96***

 

0.94

.92–.97***

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.9

.88–.92***

 

0.9

.88–.92***

8

Father Care

4867

  

4613

  

Lonely at one wave

 

0.92

.88–.96***

 

0.92

.88–.97**

Lonely at multiple waves

 

0.85

.82–.89***

 

0.86

.82–.90***

9

Father Overprotection

4832

  

4579

  

Lonely at one wave

 

1.12

1.07–1.17***

 

1.11

1.06–1.16***

Lonely at multiple waves

 

1.19

1.14–1.24***

 

1.19

1.14–1.24***

  1. Adjusted for age; sex; education; marital status; social class at W3 [tenure and occupation class]; either parent unemployed for more than 6 months when they wanted to be working when respondent under 16; parents drank excessively, took drugs or had mental health problems when respondent under 16; experienced severe financial hardship before 16