Table 1 Demographic characteristics, mental health, and burnout categorized by the level of empathy

Gender

 < 0.001

Male

202 (43.3)

134 (50.4)

68 (34.3)

Female

262 (56.2)

132 (49.6)

130 (65.7)

No answer

2 (0.4)

Religion

0.521

Buddhism

366 (78.5)

211 (86.5)

155 (83.8)

Islam, Christianity, others

63 (13.5)

33 (13.5)

30 (16.2)

No answer

37 (7.9)

Physical illness

0.994

No

396 (85.0)

226 (85.0)

170 (85.4)

Yes

69 (14.8)

40 (15.0)

29 (14.6)

No answer

1 (0.2)

Psychiatric illness

0.371

No

420 (90.1)

241 (92.3)

179 (89.5)

Yes

41 (8.8)

20 (7.7)

21 (10.5)

No answer

5 (1.1)

Alcohol consumption

0.191

No

311 (66.7)

184 (69.7)

127 (63.5)

Yes

153 (32.8)

80 (30.3)

73 (36.5)

No answer

2 (0.4)

Substance use

1^a

No

459 (98.5)

262 (99.2)

197 (99.5)

Yes

3 (0.6)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.5)

No answer

4 (0.9)

Specialty preference

0.195

General/not specified

158 (33.9)

98 (36.8)

60 (30.0)

Major

200 (42.9)

113 (42.5)

87 (43.5)

Minor

108 (23.2)

55 (20.7)

53 (26.5)

Clinical year

0.039

4^th Year

152 (32.6)

75 (28.2)

77 (38.5)

5^th Year

160 (34.3)

93 (35.0)

67 (33.5)

6^th Year

154 (33.0)

98 (36.8)

56 (28.0)

Mental health

 < 0.001

Poor

138 (29.6)

103 (38.7)

35 (17.5)

Fair

237 (50.9)

140 (52.6)

97 (48.5)

Good

91 (19.5)

23 (8.6)

68 (34.0)

Burnout

Emotional exhaustion

0.043

 Low

52 (11.2)

23 (8.7)

29 (14.5)

 Moderate

115 (24.7)

60 (22.8)

55 (27.5)

 High

296 (63.5)

180 (68.4)

116 (58.0)

 No answer

3 (0.6)

Depersonalization

 < 0.001

 Low

143 (30.7)

59 (22.4)

84 (42.0)

 Moderate

135 (29.0)

83 (31.6)

52 (26.0)

 High

185 (39.7)

121 (46.0)

64 (32.0)

 No answer

3 (0.6)

Personal accomplishment

0.077

 Low

–

–

–

 Moderate

13 (2.8)

11 (4.2)

2 (1.0)

 High

450 (96.6)

252 (95.8)

198 (99.0)

 No answer

3 (0.6)

Having stress within 1 year

0.253

No

21 (4.5)

15 (5.7)

6 (3.0)

Yes

444 (95.5)

250 (94.3)

194 (97.0)

No answer

1 (0.2)