Attachment styles and their association with aggression, hostility, and anger in Lebanese adolescents: a national study

Maalouf, Elise; Salameh, Pascale; Haddad, Chadia; Sacre, Hala; Hallit, Souheil; Obeid, Sahar

doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00813-9

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA)

From: Attachment styles and their association with aggression, hostility, and anger in Lebanese adolescents: a national study

	Beta	p value	Effect size (n²)	95% Confidence interval
	Beta	p value	Effect size (n²)	Lower bound	Upper bound
Physical aggression score
Age	− 0.237	0.233	0.001	− 0.626	0.153
Gender	− 0.067	0.886	0.0001	− 0.982	0.848
Number of siblings	− 0.465	0.006	0.006	− 0.799	− 0.132
Smoking status	− 2.701	< 0.001	0.015	− 3.894	− 1.508
Physical activity	0.108	< 0.001	0.034	0.076	0.139
Household crowding index	2.965	< 0.001	0.050	2.261	3.670
Secure attachment style (high vs low*)	− 2.707	< 0.001	0.018	− 3.796	− 1.618
Fearful attachment style (high vs low*)	2.601	< 0.001	0.014	1.393	3.810
Preoccupied attachment style (high vs low*)	0.222	0.721	0.0001	− 0.998	1.442
Dismissing attachment style (high vs low*)	1.817	0.001	0.009	0.750	2.884
Verbal aggression score
Age	− 0.078	0.586	0.0001	− 0.360	0.204
Gender	0.903	0.008	0.006	0.241	1.566
Number of siblings	0.167	0.174	0.001	− 0.074	0.409
Smoking status	− 2.237	< 0.001	0.020	− 3.101	− 1.373
Physical activity	0.071	< 0.001	0.029	0.049	0.094
Household crowding index	2.301	< 0.001	0.057	1.790	2.811
Secure attachment style (high vs low*)	− 2.172	< 0.001	0.022	− 2.960	− 1.384
Fearful attachment style (high vs low*)	1.238	0.006	0.006	0.363	2.113
Preoccupied attachment style (high vs low*)	− 0.926	0.040	0.003	− 1.809	− 0.043
Dismissing attachment style (high vs low*)	− 0.161	0.682	0.001	− 0.934	0.611
Anger score
Age	− 0.317	0.054	0.003	− 0.639	0.005
Gender	− 0.582	0.132	0.002	− 1.339	0.175
Number of siblings	0.166	0.237	0.001	− 0.110	0.442
Smoking status	− 3.361	< 0.001	0.033	− 4.348	− 2.374
Physical activity	0.094	< 0.001	0.038	0.068	0.120
Household crowding index	0.370	0.214	0.001	− 0.213	0.953
Secure attachment style (high vs low*)	1.931	< 0.001	0.014	1.031	2.832
Fearful attachment style (high vs low*)	0.866	0.090	0.002	− 0.134	1.866
Preoccupied attachment style (high vs low*)	0.295	0.567	0.001	− 0.715	1.304
Dismissing attachment style (high vs low*)	2.084	< 0.001	0.016	1.201	2.967
Hostility score
Age	− 1.061	< 0.001	0.022	− 1.448	− 0.674
Gender	0.611	0.188	0.001	− 0.298	1.520
Number of siblings	0.411	0.015	0.005	0.079	0.742
Smoking status	− 4.927	< 0.001	0.049	− 6.113	− 3.742
Physical activity	0.054	0.001	0.009	0.022	0.085
Household crowding index	3.226	< 0.001	0.060	2.526	3.926
Secure attachment style (high vs low*)	0.042	0.939	0.0001	− 1.040	1.124
Fearful attachment style (high vs low*)	0.215	0.726	0.001	− 0.986	1.416
Preoccupied attachment style (high vs low*)	1.170	0.058	0.003	− 0.042	2.382
Dismissing attachment style (high vs low*)	− 0.372	0.491	0.001	− 1.432	0.688

Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values
In the global model, the independent variable is the adult attachment styles. Covariates are: age, gender, house crowding index, number of siblings, smoking status, and physical activity score
^*Reference group

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