The association of childhood abuse and neglect with tattoos and piercings in the population: evidence from a representative community survey

Table 1 Logistic regression analyses of having any body modification, at least one tattoo, or at least one piercing on socio-demographic characteristics and childhood abuse and neglect

	Any tattoo or piercing (N = 404)¹			At least one tattoo (N = 339)²			At least one piercing (N = 212)³
	OR	95% CI (L, U)	p	OR	95% CI (L, U)	p	OR	95% CI (L, U)	p
Female gender	1.45	1.11; 1.89	0.007	1.11	0.84; 1.46	0.47	3.20	2.23; 4.59	< 0.001
Age	1.00	0.98; 1.01	0.66	1.01	0.99; 1.02	0.54	0.98	0.96; 1.00	0.020
Income	1.09	0.85; 1.40	0.49	1.02	0.79; 1.32	0.89	1.35	0.99; 1.84	0.062
Education	0.68	0.50; 0.92	0.014	0.54	0.39; 0.76	< 0.001	0.95	0.65; 1.39	0.79
Sum of "significant” kinds of abuse and neglect	1.37	1.19; 1.58	< 0.001	1.34	1.16; 1.54	< 0.001	1.30	1.12; 1.51	0.001

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