Study 1 | Study 2 |
---|---|
Goal: to test the associations of pain sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing with childhood environmental conditions and perceived unpredictability via the mediation of body awareness Prediction: both pain catastrophizing and pain sensitivity could be enhanced with a higher extent of unpredictability emerging from disadvantages experienced in childhood through the mediator role of body awareness | Goal: to test the association of fear of pain with childhood environmental conditions and perceived unpredictability via the mediation of body awareness Prediction: fear of pain could be enhanced with a higher extent of unpredictability emerging from disadvantages experienced in childhood through the mediator role of body awareness |
Participants | Participants |
N = 252 Community sample Pain-free individuals by self-report Age: 18 and 35 years (mean age: 24.6, SD = 4.72) Sex: 176 females (69.84%), 76 males | N = 293 Community sample (different to that tested in Study 1) Pain-free individuals by self-report Age: 18 and 72 years (mean age: 33.6, SD = 11.70) Sex: 243 females (82.94%), 50 males |
Variables | Variables |
Childhood socioeconomic status Childhood Household Unpredictability Childhood Family Resources Unpredictability Schema Questionnaire Body Awareness Questionnaire Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire Pain Catastrophizing Scale | Childhood socioeconomic status Childhood Household Unpredictability Childhood Family Resources Unpredictability Schema Questionnaire Body Awareness Questionnaire Short Beck Depression Inventory Fear of Pain Questionnaire |
Analyses | Analyses |
Structural Equation Modeling Path Modell 1: socioeconomic status and household unpredictability → family resources → unpredictability schema → body awareness → pain sensitivity (see also Fig. 1) Path Modell 2: socioeconomic status and household unpredictability → family resources → unpredictability schema → body awareness → pain catastrophizing (see also Fig. 2) The models were controlled for sex | Structural Equation Modeling Path Modell: socioeconomic status and household unpredictability → family resources → unpredictability schema → body awareness → Fear of Pain (see also Fig. 3) The model was controlled for depression and sex |