The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in reducing anxiety among female university students with primary dysmenorrhea

Table 2 Results of analysis of variance–covariance (ANOVA-ANCOVA) to investigate the effect of EMDR on dysmenorrhea-related anxiety based on State and Trait subscales

Outcome	Model*	Time point	Intervention (n = 39)		Comparison (n = 39)		Mean difference		Cohen’s d		Partial eta square	p value
Outcome	Model*	Time point	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Point	95% CI	Point	95% CI	Partial eta square	p value
State anxiety	Crude	Pre- intervention	46	12.34	43.56	13.24	2.44	− 3.34; 8.21	− 0.19	− 0.64; − 0.25
		Post-intervention	45.49	10.34	44.87	11.78	0.62	− 4.39; 5.62	0.06	− 0.39; 0.5	0.001	0.81
	Adjusted	Post-intervention*	44.84	8.88	45.51	8.8	− 0.67	− 4.68; 3.33	− 0.08	− 0.52; 0.37	0.001	< 0 .001
		Post-intervention**	44.66	8.93	45.69	8.93	− 1.03	− 5.09; 3.03	− 0.12	− 0.56; 0.33	0.003	0.29
		Post-intervention***	44.64	8.97	45.71	8.97	− 1.07	− 5.18; 3.04	− 0.12	− 0.33; − 0.56	0.004	0.72
Trait anxiety	Crude	Pre-intervention	44.61	11.07	43.87	11.78	0.74	− 4.41; 5.9	− 0.07	− 0.51; − 0.38
		Post-intervention	43.9	10.68	44	10.68	− 0.10	− 4.92; 4.72	− 0.01	− 0.45; 0.43	< 0.001	0.97
	Adjusted	Post-intervention*	43.65	7.71	44.24	7.71	− 0.59	− 4.07; 2.89	− 0.08	− 0.52; 0.36	.002	< 0.001
		Post-intervention**	43.50	7.78	44.39	7.78	− 0.88	− 4.42; 2.65	− 0.11	− 0.56; 0.33	.003	0.35
		Post-intervention***	43.56	7.87	44.34	7.87	− 0.77	− 4.37; 2.83	− 0.10	− 0.54; 0.35	0.003	0.70

The crude model was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, adjusted models were analyzed using ANOVA-ANCOVA
*Adjusted for baseline anxiety score
**Adjusted for baseline anxiety score, pain intensity
***Adjusted for baseline anxiety score, pain intensity and age

ISSN: 2050-7283