The impact of post-traumatic stress on quality of life and fatigue in women with Gulf War Illness

BMC Psychology

Table 3 Comparison of Davidson trauma scale cut-point derived GWI subgroups

Measure	Mean (SEM)			p^c			g*
Measure	HC	GWI−	GWI+	HC/GWI−	HC/GWI+	GWI−/GWI+	HC/GWI−	HC/GWI+	GWI−/GWI+
RAND SF-36*
Physical functioning	3.7 (5.0)	43.4 (5.9)	59.2 (4.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.047	3.06	4.76	0.94
Physical role^a	3.6 (7.9)	67.2 (10.6)	85.5 (6.7)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.156	2.27	3.64	0.50
Pain	10.3 (5.3)	54.7 (4.6)	67.2 (5.1)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.078	2.71	3.10	0.59
General health percept.	14.8 (5.1)	55.3 (5.0)	68.2 (4.2)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.059	3.04	4.26	0.89
Energy/fatigue	22.7 (5.1)	59.1 (5.5)	76.3 (3.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.016	2.46	4.29	1.18
Social funct.	6.6 (5.8)	46.1 (6.9)	71.7 (4.5)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004	2.46	5.34	1.43
Emotional role^b	5.7 (7.6)	39.6 (10.6)	88.9 (5.9)	0.007	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.35	4.78	1.87
Emotional well-being	13.9 (4.0)	35.5 (4.7)	52.9 (3.4)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.006	1.20	2.33	1.02
MFI
General fatigue	14.7 (5.6)	53.2 (7.5)	71.9 (4.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.071	1.61	2.78	0.72
Physical fatigue	18.7 (5.4)	61.2 (6.3)	69.0 (3.6)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.345	1.82	2.48	0.37
Mental fatigue	21.0 (5.5)	49.4 (6.8)	70.3 (4.9)	0.002	< 0.001	0.028	1.10	2.04	0.87
Reduced activity	14.7 (5.3)	51.7 (7.6)	55.5 (5.6)	0.001	< 0.001	0.728	1.46	1.74	0.13
Reduced motivation	16.7 (4.8)	41.3 (5.3)	58.8 (5.1)	0.001	< 0.001	0.038	1.20	2.01	0.78
DTS
Intrusion	1.4 (2.0)	8.8 (1.8)	26.6 (1.7)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.46	4.70	2.37
Avoidance/numbness	1.5 (2.8)	13.8 (2.6)	37.4 (1.8)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.70	5.86	2.49
Hyperarousal	2.0 (2.5)	14.8 (2.5)	32.5 (1.2)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.79	5.50	2.21
Total	4.8 (7.1)	37.3 (6.1)	96.5 (3.0)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.96	7.33	3.02

SF-36 scores shown as (100 − score) to invert scale to align with MFI and DTS such that higher values indicate greater disability
The asterisk denotes the corrected Hedges g value
^aPhysical role (role limitations due to physical health)
^bEmotional role (role limitations due to emotional problems)
^cFalse discovery rate calculated by the method of Benjamini and Hochberg [53] for all significant p values is < 0.06

ISSN: 2050-7283