Variable | With a recent history of depression | Without a recent history of depression | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | Prevalence of polypharmacy (95% CI) | Number (%) | Prevalence of polypharmacy (95% CI) | ||
Gender | |||||
 Male | 539 (30.0) | 13.2 (10.3, 16.0) | 3736 (50.0) | 3.6 (3.0, 4.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Female | 1256 (70.0) | 26.7 (24.2, 29.1) | 3731 (50.0) | 11.4 (10.4, 12.4) |  < 0.001 |
Age (years) | |||||
 < 50 | 745 (41.5) | 17.5 (14.7, 20.2) | 3470 (46.5) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) |  < 0.001 |
 50–59 | 555 (31.0) | 22.2 (18.7, 25.6) | 2253 (30.1) | 8.0 (6.9, 9.2) |  < 0.001 |
 ≥ 60 | 495 (27.5) | 31.0 (26.8, 35.0) | 1744 (23.4) | 11.1 (9.7, 12.7) |  < 0.001 |
Education | |||||
 Illiterate | 1004 (55.9) | 25.4 (22.7, 28.1) | 3534 (47.3) | 8.7 (7.8, 9.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Literate | 791 (44.1) | 19.1 (16.3, 21.8) | 3933 (52.7) | 6.3 (5.6, 7.1) |  < 0.001 |
Ethnicity | |||||
 Fars | 1044 (58.2) | 25.5 (22.8, 28.1) | 4171 (55.9) | 8.6 (7.8, 9.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Non-Fars | 751 (41.8) | 18.6 (15.8, 21.4) | 3296 (44.1) | 6.0 (5.2, 6.8) |  < 0.001 |
Marital status | |||||
 Married | 1558 (86.6) | 21.6 (19.5, 23.6) | 6949 (93.1) | 7.2 (6.6, 7.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Divorced/widowed | 237 (13.2) | 29.5 (23.7, 35.4) | 515 (6.9) | 11.3 (8.5, 14.0) |  < 0.001 |
Socioeconomic status | |||||
 Low | 501 (28.1) | 20.5 (17.0, 24.1) | 1907 (25.5) | 5.4 (4.4, 6.4) |  < 0.001 |
 Low-middle | 486 (27.2) | 24.5 (20.6, 28.3) | 2004 (27.0) | 7.3 (6.1, 8.4) |  < 0.001 |
 Middle-high | 398 (22.3) | 20.6 (16.6, 24.6) | 1645 (22.1) | 8.6 (7.3, 9.9) |  < 0.001 |
 High | 400 (22.4) | 25.0 (20.7, 29.3) | 1891 (25.4) | 8.8 (7.5, 10.0) |  < 0.001 |
Physical activity | |||||
 Low | 674 (37.5) | 31.0 (27.5, 34.5) | 2386 (32.0) | 11.0 (9.7, 12.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Moderate | 619 (34.5) | 20.5 (17.3, 23.7) | 2437 (32.6) | 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) |  < 0.001 |
 High | 502 (28.0) | 13.9 (10.9, 17.0) | 2644 (35.4) | 3.8 (3.1, 4.5) |  < 0.001 |
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | |||||
 BMI < 25 | 784 (44.0) | 16.4 (13.8, 19.0) | 3318 (44.6) | 4.8 (4.1, 5.6) |  < 0.001 |
 25 < BMI < 3  0 | 660 (37.0) | 25.6 (22.3, 28.9) | 2780 (37.4) | 7.8 (6.8, 8.8) |  < 0.001 |
 BMI > 30 | 337 (19.0) | 31.1 (26.2, 36.1) | 1338 (18.0) | 13.4 (11.5, 15.2) |  < 0.001 |
Tobacco use | |||||
 No | 994 (55.4) | 18.8 (16.4, 21.2) | 4715 (63.3) | 6.4 (5.7, 7.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Ever use | 799 (44.6) | 27.3 (24.2, 30.4) | 2738 (36.7) | 9.3 (8.2, 10.4) |  < 0.001 |
Alcohol use | |||||
 No | 1752 (97.6) | 22.8 (20.9, 24.8) | 7314 (97.9) | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Ever use | 43 (2.4) | 13.9 (3.2, 24.8) | 153 (2.1) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.2) | 0.001 |
Cigarette smoking | |||||
 No | 1489 (82.9) | 24.9 (22.6, 27.0) | 5856 (78.4) | 8.4 (7.7, 9.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Ever smoking | 306 (17.1) | 11.8 (8.1, 15.4) | 1611 (21.6) | 3.9 (3.0, 4.8) |  < 0.001 |
Healthy overweight | |||||
 No | 1502 (83.7) | 24.4 (22.2, 26.6) | 5943 (79.6) | 8.4 (7.7, 9.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 293 (16.3) | 13.3 (9.4, 17.2) | 1524 (20.4) | 3.9 (2.9, 4.8) |  < 0.001 |
Healthy obesity | |||||
 No | 1677 (93.4) | 22.7 (20.7, 24.7) | 6893 (92.3) | 7.6 (7.0, 8.2) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 118 (6.6) | 21.2 (13.7, 28.7) | 574 (7.7) | 5.7 (3.8, 7.6) |  < 0.001 |
Multi-morbidity | |||||
 No | 63 (3.5) | 100.0 (-) | 3960 (53.0) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 1732 (96.5) | 23.4 (21.4, 25.4) | 3507 (47.0) | 13.6 (12.4, 14.7) |  < 0.001 |