Pre-surgery supportive and goal-oriented strategies are associated with lower post-surgery perceived distress in women diagnosed with breast cancer

Table 7 Associations between coping and background variables (Sig. = Significance)

		Coping factor
		Cognitive processing	Support provision	Emotion-oriented detachment	Goal-oriented detachment
Age	Pearson Correlation	− .02	− .01	.02	− .18
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.91	.92	.91	.31
Educational level	Spearman Coefficient	− .05	− .09	− .08	.23
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.80	.53	.60	.10
Employment status
Not employed	Mean (n = 55)	− .05	.07	.12	− .21
Employed	Mean (n = 95)	.03	− .04	− .07	.12
	Mann–Whitney test standardized	.21	− .64	− .93	1.88
	p-value	.91	.80	.61	.33
Marital status
Single	Mean (n = 13)	− .01	.04	.05	.05
Married	Mean (n = 110)	.11	− .62	− .60	− .25
Separated/divorced	Mean (n = 8)	.47	.23	.73	− .12
Widowed	Mean (n = 17)	− .11	.08	− .12	− .11
	Pillai’s Trace	.13
	p-value	.33
Children	Spearman Coefficient	.09	.01	.14	− .02
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.53	.92	.33	.91
Familiarity
No	Mean (n = 63)	− .18	− .11	− .10	.01
Yes	Mean (n = 86)	.11	.08	.07	− .01
	Mann–Whitney test standardized	1.59	1.26	1.30	− .27
	p-value	.33	.47	.47	.91
Type of surgery
Mastectomy_1	Mean (n = 45)	.22	.17	.03	.21
Quadrantectomy_0	Mean (n = 86)	− .07	− .04	.01	− .08
	Mann–Whitney test standardized	− 1.56	− 1.60	− .23	− 1.62
	p-value	.33	.33	.91	.33

ISSN: 2050-7283