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Table 1 Zero-order correlations (upper right quadrant) and first-order partial correlations controlling for gender (lower left quadrant), and descriptive statistics for study variables

From: Testing times: the association of intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitive beliefs to test anxiety in college students

Variable

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Female (n = 482)

Male (n = 188)

Gender differences

M (SD)

M (SD)

t test statistics

1. TAI

–

.46***

.19***

.57***

.35***

.33***

.18***

53.78 (14.71)

45.45 (13.50)

t = 6.74, p < .001

2. IUS-12

.46***

–

.33***

.60***

.36***

.57***

.35***

33.05 (10.40)

31.54 (9.28)

t = 1.74, p = .083

3. MCQ-POS

.19***

.33***

–

.28***

.16***

.32***

.31***

12.03 (4.45)

11.81 (4.62)

t = 0.56, p = .754

4. MCQ-NEG

.56***

.60***

.28***

–

.36***

.56***

.40***

15.20 (5.12)

13.13 (5.05)

t = 4.71, p < .001

5. MCQ-CC

.36***

.36***

.16***

.36***

–

.38***

.12**

11.99 (4.96)

11.69 (4.56)

t = 0.73, p = .469

6. MCQ-NC

.36***

.58***

.33***

.58***

.38***

–

.44***

11.98 (3.94)

12.49 (3.49)

t = − 1.58, p = .116

7. MCQ-CSC

.23***

.36***

.31***

.43***

.13**

.44***

–

15.28 (4.15)

16.55 (4.24)

t = − 3.54, p < .001

  1. **p < .01, *** p < .001
  2. ns, non-significant; TAI, Test Anxiety Inventory; IUS-12, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12; MCQ, Metacognitions Questionnaire-30; POS, positive beliefs about worry; NEG, negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry; CC, cognitive confidence; NC, need to control thoughts; CSC, cognitive self-consciousness