Table 2 Studies which included instructions/guidance on home practice (n = 26)
References | Guidance for home practice | Resources given for home practice | Is home practice measured (if so, how?) | Proportion of participants who report any formal home practice | Average reported formal home practice (Practice per day, or average number of practices per week) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Brown et al. [18] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CDs | Yes (not stated how) | 14/15 participants | 24.71 min/day, SD 18.44, Range = 0.88–64.14 |
2. Çetin and Aylaz [60] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CDs and booklet | No | Not recorded | N/A |
3. Chadwick et al. [4] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation audiotapes | No | Not recorded | N/A |
4. Chadwick et al. [61] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation CDs | No | Not recorded | N/A |
5. Chadwick et al. [62] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation CDs | No | Not recorded | N/A |
6. Chien and Lee [63] | Home practice core requirement | Not stated | No | Not recorded | N/A |
7. (a) Chien and Thompson [64] (b) Wang et al. [65] (c) Chien et al. [66] (d) Chien et al. [67] (e) Chien et al. [68] | Home practice core requirement | Not stated | No | Not recorded | N/A |
8. Davis et al. [19] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation CDs | Yes (self-report) | 5/5 participants | 2 ps reported doing daily one-minute breathing spaces 3 ps reported 5–30 min of daily practice |
9. Davis et al. [20] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CD and homework forms | Yes (record form handed in each week) | Not stated | 28.72Â min on an average of 54% of days |
10. Jacobsen et al. [23] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation CDs | No | Not recorded | N/A |
11. Johnson et al. [21] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CDs | Yes (self-report) | Not recorded | Mean 3.7 days/week (SD = 1.4) 19.1 min per practice (SD = 14.6) |
12. Jones et al. [73] | Home practice core requirement | Audio recordings | No | Not recorded | N/A |
13. Lam et al. [22] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditations on MP3 players, practice manual and logbook | Yes (record form handed in each week) | 14/26 participants (according to ITT analysis) | Mean 31 min per week (SD = 17.34, range 0–86.4 min per week) |
14. Langer et al. [74] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CDs and homework forms | No | Not recorded | N/A |
15. Lee [76] | Home practice core requirement | Not stated | No | Not recorded | N/A |
16. López-Navarro et al. [77] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation audiotapes | No | Not recorded | N/A |
17. (a) López-Navarro et al. [78] (b) López-Navarro et al. [79] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation audiotapes | No | Not recorded | N/A |
18. MacDougall et al. [80] | Home practice core requirement | Not stated | No | Not recorded | N/A |
19. Martin et al. [81] | Encouraged but not required | Mindfulness scripts and hand outs | No | Not recorded | N/A |
20. Mediavilla et al. [82] | Home practice core requirement | Audio recordings | No | Not recorded | N/A |
21. Özdemir and Budak [83] | Home practice core requirement | Booklet | No | Not recorded | N/A |
22. Randal et al. [84] | Home practice core requirement | Guided meditation CDs and hand-outs | No | Not recorded | N/A |
23. Ryan et al. [85] | Home practice core requirement | Wallet cards/worksheets for skills practice | No | Not recorded | N/A |
24. Samson and Mallindine [25] | Encouraged but not required | Not stated | No | Not recorded | N/A |
25. Sheng et al. [46] | Home practice core requirement | Not stated | Yes (record form handed in each week) | Not stated | N/A |
26. Van der Valk et al. [89] | Encouraged but not required | Guided meditation CDs | No | Not recorded | N/A |