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Table 6 Test of association between enacted and self-stigma, and socio-demographic variables using Chi Squared test

From: Internalization of stigma among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Nigeria: a mixed method study

 

Yes(%)

No(%)

Total(%)

X2

p value

 

Enacted stigma

    

Level of education

     

Post-secondary

39(39.0)

61(61.0)

100(100)

14.08

0.001

Secondary

67(64.4)

37(35.6)

104(100)

  

Primary/no formal

16(61.5)

10(38.5)

26(100)

  

Monthly family income

     

 10,000–39,000

27(87.1)

4(12.9)

31(100)

23.25

 < 0.001

 40,000–79,000

55(41.4)

78(58.6)

133(100)

  

 80,000–200,000

40(60.6)

26(39.4)

66(100)

  

Relationship to child

     

 Mother

96(54.9)

79(45.1)

175(100)

0.97

0.355

 Father

26(47.3)

29(52.7)

55(100)

  
 

Self stigma

   

Age

     

 20–39

64(79.0)

17(20.9)

81(100)

  

 40–49

87(85.3)

15(14.7)

102(100)

1.90

0.388

 50–69

41(87.2)

6(12.8)

47(100)

  

Level of education

     

 Post-secondary

87(87.0)

13(13.0)

100(100)

  

 Secondary

83(79.8)

21(20.2)

104(100)

1.94

0.379

 Primary/no formal

22(84.6)

4(15.4)

26(100)

  

Monthly family income

     

 10,000–39,000

28(90.3)

3(9.7)

31(100)

  

 40,000–79,000

105(78.9)

28(21.1)

133(100)

  

 80,000–200,000

59(89.4)

7(10.6)

66(100)

4.71

0.095

Religion

     

 Christianity

118(83.1)

24(16.9)

142(100)

  

 Islam

74(84.1)

14(15.9)

88(100)

0.04

1.000