Table 2 Factor loadings of the items in Study 1

Q36

I feel happy

.821

−.061

Q47

I have a healthy body

.817

−.112

Q51

I feel full of energy

.816

−.073

Q50

I feel satisfied with my life

.801

−.069

Q37

I feel sprightly

.798

−.070

Q17

I can focus on what I am doing

.780

−.092

Q40

I feel calm

.731

−.069

Q41

I can manage my everyday life with my physical strength

.714

−.058

Q45

I can live with life’s ups and downs and let go of unpleasant past experience

.709

.022

Q30

When something bad happens, I can adjust my emotions

.692

.031

Q34

I have a strong body

.692

−.054

Q16

I get enough sleep

.686

−.203

Q8

I am good at taking care of my physical health

.684

.048

Q46

I feel blissful and warm

.680

.078

Q29

I am aware of my emotions and won’t be trapped in them

.675

.006

Q15

I have a life goal

.667

.065

Q25

I see my value

.661

.134

Q18

I am aware of my body and health status

.636

−.078

Q11

I treat myself with kindness

.632

−.019

Q3

I am leading a meaningful life

.626

.075

Q14

I am having a healthy diet

.612

.039

Q21

I accept new challenges

.599

.085

Q27

In the face of difficulties, I insist on actively finding ways to solve problems

.597

.092

Q54

I am having a satisfying social life

.589

.155

Q5

I can clearly express my emotions

.571

.010

Q22

I know my values well

.560

.127

Q4

I practice ways to maintain good health

.530

.145

Q31

I feel comfortable with my weaknesses

.528

−.002

Q20

I participate in activities that need interactions with people

.496

.170

Q1

I am exercising enough

.445

.109

Q19

I am aware of my mood swings

.429

.064

Q10

I am learning new stuff

.429

.192

Q32

I appreciate my strengths

.427

.193

Q53

I can reflect on my past mistakes and failures with an open mind

.421

.126

Q56

I have family and friends who trust and support me

.352

.329

Q49

I am connected with people around me (e.g., friends, family, partner)

.329

.300

Q43

When I hear stories of a stranger, I can feel connected with them

−.111

.714

Q42

When I hear bad things happened to a stranger, I would feel their pain

−.249

.708

Q52

The environment and I are closely connected (e.g., discrimination, environmental quality, social atmosphere, etc.)

−.061

.639

Q13

Given the chance, I would participate in activities to promote social changes

.058

.586

Q33

I treat others with kindness

.118

.562

Q38

I think everyone, however different in gender, age, color or class, should have equal opportunities and voice

−.095

.551

Q55

I would feel happy for the happiness of people around me

.129

.545

Q26

I am grateful to people around me for all they have done to me

.118

.525

Q23

I care about what is happening in society

.201

.517

Q39

I feel like part of the whole society

.243

.489

Q48

I am aware of the impact of the environment on me (e.g., social atmosphere, environmental quality, discrimination, etc.)

−.081

.474

Q44

I have a sense of belonging to the community or society in which I live

.197

.458

Q12

I would participate in activities to promote social changes (e.g., environmental protection, air pollution, social poverty, sexual orientation discrimination, etc.)

.287

.450

Q28

I can accept the inadequacies of others

.200

.422

Q24

I am connected with the nature (e.g., appreciating or protecting the nature)

.264

.417

Q35

Even for strangers, I can also see my similarities with them

.266

.409

Q9

I have noticed what is happening around the world

.296

.404

Q6

I would participate in activities that cultivate spirituality (e.g., going to church, meditation, devotion, praying, mindfulness, practicing Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism)

.085

.381

Q7

I pay attention to health information (e.g., reading newspapers/magazines, watching television shows, listening to radio programs and attending health talks in order to obtain different health information)

.231

.381

Q2

I feel that social current affairs and I are closely related

.130

.333