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Table 4 Univariate regression models of cognitive performance (N = 1763)

From: Celebrity worship and cognitive skills revisited: applying Cattell’s two-factor theory of intelligence in a cross-sectional study

Independent variables

Dependent variables β (SE)

Cognitive tests

R2 (%)

VOCAB

R2 (%)

SDST

R2 (%)

Gender

0.02 (0.04)

0

0.07 (0.11)**

0.5

 − 0.04 (0.41)

0

Age

 − 0.09 (0.001)***

0.8

0.07 (0.004)**

0.4

 − 0.20 (0.02)***

4.1

Educational level

0.18 (0.04)***

3.2

0.15 (0.11)***

2.3

0.12 (0.42)***

1.3

Self-esteem

0.03 (0.003)

0

0.02 (0.009)

0

0.02 (0.03)

0

Current family income

0.11 (0.02)***

1.0

0.10 (0.05)***

1.0

0.05 (0.20)*

0.2

Material wealth (current)

 − 0.07 (0.02)**

0.5

 − 0.04 (0.05)

0

 − 0.07 (0.19)**

0.4

Material wealth (child)

0.006 (0.02)

0

0.05 (0.04)*

0

 − 0.04 (0.16)

0

Celebrity worship

 − 0.11 (0.001)***

1.1

 − 0.09 (0.004)***

0.7

 − 0.08 (0.01)**

0.5

  1. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05
  2. β (SE) = standardized coefficient and its standard error
  3. VOCAB vocabulary test, SDST short digit symbol test
  4. Cognitive tests represent the composite score derived from the z-scores of the VOCAB and the SDST
  5. Gender was coded as 1 = “male” and 2 = “female”
  6. Educational level was coded as 0 = “less than college degree” and 1 = “college degree or higher”
  7. For the linearized variable of current family income, z-scores were used