Behavioral Activation as an ‘active ingredient’ of interventions addressing depression and anxiety among young people: a systematic review and evidence synthesis

Malik, Kanika; Ibrahim, Maliha; Bernstein, Adam; Venkatesh, Rahul Kodihalli; Rai, Tara; Chorpita, Bruce; Patel, Vikram

doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00655-x

Table 3 Study details for quantitative studies on BA for depression and anxiety (listed in alphabetical order)

From: Behavioral Activation as an ‘active ingredient’ of interventions addressing depression and anxiety among young people: a systematic review and evidence synthesis

First Author	Year	Sample	Recruitment settings; Site	Index group & its composition	Intervention type	Primary target	Index Sample size	Mean Age	Female %	Comparator	Outcome
BA as standalone intervention (n = 3)
Goodyer^{*^}	2017	470	Clinic; UK	Brief psychosocial intervention comprising 12 elements	Treatment	Depression	155	15.60	74	Active (CBT, STPP)	Non-superior to both comparators
McCauley*^#	2016	60	Clinic; USA	BA comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	27	15.17	63	Active (CBT/IPT)	Non-superior
Takagaki^{^#}	2016	118	University; Japan	BA comprising 6 elements	Indicated	Depression	62	18.23	39	Clinical monitoring	Superior
BA in multicomponent intervention (n = 22)
Brent^	1997	107	Clinic, Community; USA	CBT comprising 14 elements	Treatment	Depression	37	15.70	76	Active (Family therapy, non-directive counselling)	Superior than both active comparators
Burton	2007	145	School, University; USA	CBT comprising 11 elements	Indicated	Depression	74	18.60	100	Waitlist	Superior
Clarke^{^}	1999	123	Community; USA	CBT with adolescents comprising 17 elements	Indicated	Depression	37	16.20	71	Waitlist & Active (CBT with adolescents and parents)	Superior than waitlist comparator; valid equivalence with active comparator
				CBT with adolescents and parents comprising 18 elements	Indicated	Depression	32	16.20	71	Waitlist & Active (CBT with adolescents only)	Superior than waitlist comparator; valid equivalence with active comparator
Deady	2016	104	Community; Australia	Internet-based CBT comprising 10 elements	Indicated	Depression	60	21.85	60	Attention control	Superior
Ip^*	2016	257	School; China	Internet-based CBT comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	123	14.64	70	Attention control	Non-superior
Kobak^{^}	2015	76	Community; NA	Technology enhanced CBT comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	35	15.40	66	Active	Non-superior
Lewinsohn^*	1990	59	Community; USA	CBT with adolescents comprising 17 elements	Treatment	Depression	19	16.15	62	Waitlist & Active (CBT with adolescents and parents)	Superior than waitlist comparator; non-superior with active comparator
				CBT with adolescents and parents comprising 18 elements	Treatment	Depression	21	16.26	53	Waitlist & Active (CBT with adolescents and parents)	Superior than waitlist comparator; non-superior with active comparator
Ranney	2018	116	Clinic; USA	Text-based CBT comprising 7 elements	Treatment	Depression	58	14.83	59	Attention control	Non-superior
Reynolds	1986	30	School; NA	CBT comprising 9 elements	Indicated	Depression	6	15.65	63	Waitlist & Active (relaxation)	Superior than waitlist comparator; non-superior with active comparator
Rohde^	2004	93	Community; USA	CBT comprising 17 elements	Treatment	Depression	44	15.10	60	Attention control	Superior
Rosselló	1999	71	School; USA	CBT comprising 9 elements	Indicated	Depression	21	15.00	54	Waitlist & Active (IPT)	Superior than waitlist comparator; valid equivalence with active comparator
Rosselló ^{^}	2008	112	School; USA	CBT comprising 9 elements	Treatment	Depression	52	14.52	55	Active (IPT)	Superior
Shirk	2014	43	Clinic; NA	CBT + Mindfulness comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	15	15.25	85	Active (TAU)	Non-superior
Stasiak^	2012	34	School; New Zealand	Computerized CBT comprising 9 elements	Treatment	Depression	16	15.47	53	Attention control	Superior
Stice	2007	225	School; USA	CBT comprising	Indicated	Depression	50	18.40	70	Waitlist & Active (Supportive therapy, Journaling, Bibliotherapy, Expressive writing)	Superior than waitlist comparator; valid equivalence with bibliotherapy; non-superior compared to other active comparators
TADS Team^{^}	2004	439	Community; USA	CBT comprising 10 elements	Treatment	Depression	111	14.60	54	Active (medication with CBT, medication alone) and Attention control	Non-superior to all comparators
Tandon	2011	61	Community; USA	Mother and Baby CBT comprising 7 elements	Treatment	Depression	32	24.10	100	Active (TAU)	Superior
Topooco^*	2018	71	Community; NA	Internet-Based CBT comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	33	17.20	94	Attention control	Superior
van der Zanden^*	2012	244	Community; Netherlands	Internet-Based CBT comprising 6 elements	Indicated	Depression	96	20.80	84	Waitlist	Superior
Wright^*	2017	91	Clinic; UK	Computerized CBT comprising 8 elements	Treatment	Depression	25	15.50	73	Attention control	Non-superior

^*Included anxiety as a secondary outcome, ^{^}Included functioning as a secondary outcome, ^#Included activation as a secondary outcome, $ In all trials with non-superior outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences between the index and the non-evidence-based comparative group. None of the trials with non-superior outcomes used the inferiority design.
UK- United Kingdom, USA- United States of America, BA-Behavior Activation, CBT-Cognitive Behavior Therapy, IPT- Interpersonal Psychotherapy, TAU- Treatment as usual, NA- Not Available

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ISSN: 2050-7283

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