| At-home sleep | Laboratory sleep | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Study 1 | Study 2 | Study 3 | Study 4 | |||||||||
BL | RS | Â | BL | RS | Â | BL | RS | Â | BL | RS | Â | BL | RS | Â | |
M (SD) | M (SD) | d | M (SD)a | M (SD)a | d | M (SD)a | M (SD)a | d | M (SD) | M (SD) | d | M (SD) | M (SD) | d | |
Total sleep time (minutes) | 419.00 (52.98) | 581.35 (68.30) | 2.657 | – | – | – | 411 (29.93) | 543 (22.45) | 4.989 | 449.75 (22.67) | 445.06 (17.22) | − 0.233 | 449.61 (21.21) | 447.56 (17.76) | − 0.105 |
Sleep efficiency % | 94.20 (6.39) | 98.18 (2.74) | 0.811 | – | – | – | 85 (7.48) | 94 (3.74) | 1.522 | 92.76 (4.89) | 97.18 (0.91) | 1.257 | 92.54 (4.62) | 97.24 (0.87) | 1.414 |
Sleep onset latency (minutes) | 14.13 (11.63) | 3.87 (3.75) | − 1.193 | 12.0 (4.53) | 4.0 (3.39) | − 2.000 | 25 (14.97) | 6 (3.74) | − 1.741 | 16.31 (15.43) | 3.68 (2.31) | − 1.145 | 19.11 (16.70) | 4.06 (2.43) | − 1.261 |
Time awake (minutes) | 38.87 (30.88) | 13.83 (16.60) | − 1.008 | 6.8 (9.05) | 1.0 (1.13) | − 0.899 | 47 (22.45) | 27 (22.45) | − 0.891 | 18.31 (10.28) | 9.75 (2.99) | − 1.131 | 17.33 (7.55) | 9.33 (4.26) | − 1.305 |