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Table 5 Mediation analysis: Direct and indirect effects of the associations between each temperament, self-esteem and smartphone addiction

From: Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem

Temperament

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Effect

SE

p

Effect

SE

95% BCa

Depressive

0.210

0.132

0.112

0.126

0.055

0.027–0.242

Cyclothymic

0.144

0.102

0.157

0.053

0.025

0.010–0.110

Hyperthymic

 − 0.072

0.104

0.491

− 0.155

0.061

 − 0.279 to − 0.039

Irritable

0.119

0.107

0.270

0.0004

0.019

 − 0.042–0.038

Anxious

0.078

0.083

0.350

− 0.001

0.017

 − 0.003–0.004

  1. Direct effect = Effect of the temperament on smartphone addiction in the absence of the mediator (self-esteem); Indirect effect = Effect of the temperament on smartphone addiction in the presence of the mediator (self-esteem); SE = Standard Error; BCa = Bootstrap Confidence Interval
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BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

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