Independent variables | Total study sample (n = 2119) | Women (n = 1724) | Men (n = 491) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(OR increase with 95% CI, WAS score Poor to good vs. Excellent) | (OR increase with 95% CI, WAS score Poor to good vs. Excellent) | (OR increase with 95% CI, WAS score Poor to good vs. Excellent) | |||||||
OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
GMSI demanding circumstances, effect per unit increase in mean score (1–5) | |||||||||
Resource deficits | 0.75 | 0.68–0.82 |  < 0.001 | 0.77 | 0.69–0.86 |  < 0.001 | 0.66 | 0.54–0.81 |  < 0.001 |
Organisational control | 0.60 | 0.54–0.67 |  < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.52–0.66 |  < 0.001 | 0.65 | 0.52–0.82 |  < 0.001 |
Role conflicts | 0.50 | 0.44–0.55 |  < 0.001 | 0.49 | 0.43–0.56 |  < 0.001 | 0.50 | 0.40–0.63 |  < 0.001 |
Role demands | 0.43 | 0.38–0.49 |  < 0.001 | 0.41 | 0.35–0.47 |  < 0.001 | 0.50 | 0.39–0.64 |  < 0.001 |
Group dynamics | 0.54 | 0.47–0.61 |  < 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.47–0.63 |  < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.28–0.67 |  < 0.001 |
Buffer-function | 0.60 | 0.54–0.67 |  < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.52–0.66 |  < 0.001 | 0.65 | 0.53–0.91 |  < 0.001 |
Co-workers | 0.73 | 0.65–0.83 |  < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.68–0.90 | 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.42–0.73 |  < 0.001 |
Container-function | 0.58 | 0.52–0.65 |  < 0.001 | 0.60 | 0.53–0.68 |  < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.40–0.64 | 0.001 |
GMSI supportive circumstances, effect per unit increase in mean score (1–5) | |||||||||
Supportive management | 1.39 | 1.27–1.51 |  < 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.30–1.57 |  < 0.001 | 1.22 | 1.01–1.48 | 0.037 |
Cooperating co-workers | 1.59 | 1.37–1.84 |  < 0.001 | 1.57 | 1.33–1.85 |  < 0.001 | 1.69 | 1.22–2.36 | 0.002 |
Supportive colleagues | 1.32 | 1.21–1.45 |  < 0.001 | 1.31 | 1.18–1.46 |  < 0.001 | 1.36 | 1.11–1.66 | 0.003 |
Supportive private life | 1.61 | 1.45–1.78 |  < 0.001 | 1.60 | 1.43–1.79 |  < 0.001 | 1.62 | 1.29–2.03 |  < 0.001 |
Supportive org. structures | 1.74 | 1.56–1.94 |  < 0.001 | 1.70 | 1.51–1.94 |  < 0.001 | 1.87 | 1.47–2.39 |  < 0.001 |
Length of work experience as a principal | |||||||||
1–3 years of experience | 1.02 | 0.77–1.34 | .907 | 1.03 | 0.75–1.40 | 0.864 | 0.91 | 0.49–1.68 | 0.761 |
 > 3–5 years of experience | 0.91 | 0.69–1.18 | .461 | 0.88 | 0.65–1.20 | 0.411 | 1.02 | 0.59–1.76 | 0.938 |
 > 5 to 10 years of experience | 0.94 | 0.74–1.20 | .621 | 0.98 | 0.74–1.29 | 0.860 | 0.84 | 0.52–1.36 | 0.476 |
 > 10 years of experience | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – |
School-level | |||||||||
Pre-school | 1.28 | 0.86–1.90 | .223 | 1.33 | 0.82–2.13 | 0.246 | 0.71 | 0.20–2.50 | 0.599 |
Pre-and compulsory school | 1.70 | 1.01–2.89 | .047 | 1.61 | 0.87–2.99 | 0.127 | 2.87 | 0.75–6.94 | 0.145 |
Compulsory school | 1.32 | 0.90–1.94 | .151 | 1.39 | 0.87–2.22 | 0.137 | 1.12 | 0.58–2.18 | 0.734 |
Upper secondary school | 1.30 | 0.85–2.00 | .222 | 1.18 | 0.69–2.02 | 0.541 | 1.46 | 0.72–2.96 | 0.293 |
Adult education | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref ara> | – | – |
Self-rated health | |||||||||
Poor, neither good nor poor(= 0) vs. good, very good (= 1) | 3.22 | 2.44–4.24 |  < 0.001 | 3.21 | 2.35–4.37 |  < 0.001 | 3.24 | 1.71–6.03 |  < 0.001 |
Self-efficacy, effect per unit increase in mean score (1–5) | |||||||||
Mean score | 2.50 | 2.04–3.07 |  < 0.001 | 2.52 | 1.99–3.18 |  < 0.001 | 2.50 | 1.62–3.85 |  < 0.001 |