Table 4 Applicability of the CHIME framework to assessing hikikomori care
Domain | Applicable | Not studied |
|---|---|---|
Connectedness | ||
Support by peers or others | ✓ | |
Relationships | ✓ | |
Part of community | ✓ | |
Hope and optimism | ||
Belief in recovery | ✓ | |
Motivation to change | ✓ | |
Hope-inspiring relationships | ✓ | |
Positive thinking and valuing success | ✓ | |
Having dreams and aspirations | ✓ | |
Identity | ||
Dimensions of identity: | ||
Race | ✓ | |
Gender | ✓ | |
Social class | ✓ | |
Culture | ✓ | |
Religion | ✓ | |
Sexual orientation | ✓ | |
Personal attributes / characteristics / identity | ✓ | |
Rebuilding/redefining a positive sense of identity | ✓ | |
Overcoming stigma | ✓ | |
Meaning in life | ||
Meaning of hikikomori experiences: | ||
Duration of social withdrawal | ✓ | |
Activities of daily life | ✓ | |
Feelings & Thoughts | ✓ | |
Spirituality | ✓ | |
Quality of life | ✓ | |
Meaningful life and social roles/goals | ✓ | |
Rebuilding life | ✓ | |
Empowerment | ||
Personal responsibility | ✓ | |
Control in life | ✓ | |
Focusing upon strengths | ✓ | |