Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristic of Iranian students and their relationship with mental health (n = 280)
Characteristics | N (%)* | Mental health Mean (SD) | P | Characteristics | N (%)* | Mental health Mean (SD) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age |  |  | 0.501†| Mother’s education |  | 0.869‡ | |
Lower than 22 | 160 (57.1) | 26.0 (12.0) | Â | Illiterate | 16 (5.7) | 25.9 (11.7) | Â |
22 and more | 120 (42.9) | 27.1 (13.0) | Â | Primary | 31(11.1) | 25.0 (12.6) | Â |
Gender |  |  | 0.401†| Secondary | 33 (11.8) | 28.3 (13.4) |  |
Male | 122 (43.6) | 26.5 (13.1) | Â | High school | 74 (26.4) | 27.0 (12.9) | Â |
Female | 158 (56.4) | 26.6 (12.1) | Â | University | 125 (45.0) | 26.3 (12.2) | Â |
Educational grade |  |  | 0.749†| Father’s education |  | 0.545‡ | |
Bachelor | 167(59.6) | 26.7 (12.4) | Â | Illiterate | 5 (1.8) | 35.2 (17.07) | Â |
Doctorate | 108(38.6) | 26.5 (12.9) | Â | Primary | 25 (8.9) | 23.8 (11.7) | Â |
Smoking |  |  | 0.003†| Secondary | 24 (8.6) | 26.0 (11.5) |  |
Yes | 22 (7.9) | 34.1 (15.4) | Â | High school | 3(1.1) | 27.6 (7.6) | Â |
No | 258 (92.1) | 25.9 (12.1) | Â | Diploma | 76 (27.1) | 27.5 (11.7) | Â |
Hookah |  |  | 0.228†| University | 147 (52.5) | 26.3 (13.2) |  |
Yes | 23 (8.2) | 25.7 (11.1) |  | Father’s occupation |  | 0.277‡ | |
No | 257 (91.8) | 26.6 (12.7) | Â | Unemployed | 8 (2.9) | 32.1 (16.8) | Â |
Smoking duration (Month) |  | 0.217‡ | Worker | 5 (1.8) | 19.6 (8.1) |  | |
 < 12 | 14 (5) | 29.4 (13.3) |  | Employee | 72 (25.7) | 25.05 (12.7) |  |
12–36 | 6 (2.1) | 27.6 (13.1) |  | Physician | 16 (507) | 27.4 (11.5) |  |
 > 36 | 7 (2.5) | 39.5 (14) |  | Freelance | 172 (61.4) | 26.8 (12.3) |  |
Number of family members |  | 0.343‡ | Number of child in family |  | 0.177‡ | ||
 ≤ 3 | 43 (15.4) | 25.7 (13.2) |  | 1 | 21 (7.5) | 24.5 (12.9) |  |
4 | 146 (52.1) | 27.8 (12.8) | Â | 2 | 151 (53.9) | 27.9 (12.7) | Â |
5 | 51 (18.2) | 25.4 (12.9) | Â | 3 | 57 (20.4) | 26.1 (13.0) | Â |
 ≥ 6 | 40 (14.3) | 24.2 (9.8) |  |  ≥ 4 | 51 (18.2) | 23.8 (10.9) |  |
Employed with education |  | 0.002†| Birth order in family |  | 0.787‡ | ||
Yes | 60 (21.4) | 30.03 (13.1) | Â | 1 | 133 (47.5) | 27.3 (13.3) | Â |
No | 220 (78.6) | 25.6 (12.2) | Â | 2 | 87 (31.1) | 25.8 (11.3) | Â |
Mothers occupation |  | 0.228†| 3 | 29 (10.4) | 25.4 (13.1) |  | |
Employed | 89 (31.8) | 28.2 (13.6) |  |  ≥ 4 | 29 (10.4) | 26.3 (12.6) |  |
Housewife | 191(68.2) | 25.8 (11.9) |  | Adequacy of income for family expenses | 0.238‡ | ||
BMI (kg/m2) |  |  | 0.003‡ | Adequate | 73 (26.1) | 26.3 (12.5) |  |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 17 (6.1) | 24.9 (8.2) |  | Fairly adequate | 167 (58.6) | 25.9 (12.4) |  |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 187 (66.8) | 25 (11.2) |  | Inadequate | 43 (15.4) | 26.6 (12.6) |  |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 64 (22.9) | 30.0 (15.5) |  |  |  |  |  |
Obese (≥ 30) | 9(3.2) | 36.3 (13.5) |  |  |  |  |  |