Table 2 Factors and items of the BISD scale

Factor 1: Awareness of depression among peers

I am aware that there are students at my university who are experiencing depressive symptoms

I have seen students showing signs of depression at my university

It is evident to me that someone who is experiencing depressive symptoms needs support

Factor 2: Vigilance towards possible symptoms of depression

If a peer withdraws from activities that they usually enjoy, they may just be tired (Reverse scoring)

If someone tells me that they feel hopeless about the future, I will think that it is a phase that everyone goes through (Reverse scoring)

Factor 3: Knowledge on how to intervene

I know what to say to support a student who is experiencing depression

I know who to refer a peer who show signs of depression for help

I know who to alert when a peer is in crisis

I would inform the university’s faculty if a peer is showing worsening signs of depression and is reluctant to seek help

Factor 4: Acceptance of responsibility to intervene

If I am aware that a peer is showing signs of depression, I feel it is my responsibility to help the person

I believe that my actions can have a positive impact on a peer who is having depression

If I saw a peer who I did not know very well showing signs of depression, I would help them

If I notice a peer with signs of depression, I will ask them how things are going

If I know a peer who shows signs of depression, I would offer to accompany him to seek help

Items removed

I know what are the signs and symptoms of depression

I don’t think there is anything I can do to help a peer who is having depression

I feel that other students are in a better position to help a peer who is showing signs of depression