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Table 3 Results for two different logistic regression models, investigating the association between demographic variables, variables of substance use, media use and sleep (A) as well as COVID19 impact (B) and the psychological symptoms (SCL dimensions) as well as global mental health status (GSI)

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a comparison between Germany and the UK

 

Global Symptom Index

Depressive Symptoms

Dysthymic Symptoms

Agoraphobic Symptoms

Vegetative Symptoms

Symptoms of Mistrust

Sociophobic symptoms

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

E.S.

z-val.

p val.

(A)

                     

(Intercept)

0.020

0.026

0.979

0.610

1.156

0.248

0.501

1.084

0.278

− 0.024

− 0.033

0.973

0.279

0.297

0.767

0.316

0.527

0.598

0.965

1.619

0.105

Country of residence: Germany

− 0.362

− 2.033

0.042*

− 0.346

− 2.803

0.005**

− 0.562

− 5.269

0.000***

− 0.928

− 5.391

0.000***

− 0.115

− 0.509

0.611

0.223

1.513

0.130

− 0.297

− 2.122

0.034*

Gender: female

0.468

2.179

0.029*

0.344

2.444

0.015*

0.314

2.504

0.012*

0.527

2.408

0.016*

0.638

2.223

0.026*

− 0.043

− 0.295

0.768

0.497

2.891

0.004**

Age

− 0.008

− 1.186

0.235

− 0.002

− 0.373

0.709

− 0.006

− 1.371

0.170

− 0.006

− 0.943

0.346

− 0.015

− 1.730

0.084

− 0.002

− 0.327

0.744

− 0.025

− 4.423

0.000***

Highest education

− 0.089

− 1.569

0.117

− 0.121

− 3.142

0.002**

0.001

0.016

0.987

− 0.113

− 2.087

0.037*

− 0.190

− 2.829

0.005**

− 0.094

− 2.117

0.034*

− 0.071

− 1.573

0.116

Alcohol consumpt

− 0.003

− 0.092

0.927

0.049

1.922

0.055

0.006

0.266

0.790

0.027

0.748

0.454

− 0.006

− 0.126

0.900

0.005

0.168

0.867

− 0.011

− 0.397

0.691

Tobacco consumpt

− 0.017

− 0.386

0.700

− 0.004

− 0.138

0.890

0.015

0.624

0.533

− 0.010

− 0.245

0.807

− 0.069

− 1.217

0.224

− 0.028

− 0.832

0.406

− 0.007

− 0.207

0.836

Vaping consumpt

0.076

1.237

0.216

0.037

0.753

0.451

0.048

1.166

0.244

− 0.024

− 0.300

0.764

0.049

0.615

0.538

0.045

0.777

0.437

0.044

0.791

0.429

Marihuana consumpt

0.125

2.018

0.044*

0.083

1.737

0.082

0.076

1.827

0.068

0.067

0.975

0.330

0.128

1.625

0.104

0.085

1.544

0.123

0.060

1.098

0.272

Social media usage

0.173

1.975

0.048*

0.053

0.874

0.382

0.081

1.521

0.128

0.132

1.559

0.119

0.133

1.241

0.215

0.089

1.280

0.201

− 0.038

− 0.529

0.597

Video games

0.138

1.536

0.125

0.127

2.015

0.044*

0.087

1.516

0.130

0.033

0.371

0.711

0.081

0.680

0.497

0.091

1.187

0.235

0.138

1.920

0.055

Print media usage

− 0.122

− 1.392

0.164

0.013

0.216

0.829

− 0.096

− 1.734

0.083

− 0.024

− 0.286

0.775

− 0.092

− 0.823

0.411

− 0.103

− 1.422

0.155

− 0.027

− 0.393

0.695

Sleep during the week

− 0.547

− 3.207

0.001***

− 0.503

− 4.264

0.000***

− 0.201

− 1.855

0.064

0.006

0.034

0.973

− 0.324

− 1.432

0.152

− 0.308

− 2.247

0.025*

− 0.474

− 3.648

0.000***

Sleep during the weekend

0.065

0.421

0.674

0.101

0.936

0.349

− 0.051

− 0.499

0.618

− 0.126

− 0.759

0.448

− 0.350

− 1.713

0.087

− 0.047

− 0.369

0.712

0.157

1.305

0.192

Exercise

0.051

0.692

0.489

− 0.048

− 0.961

0.336

− 0.058

− 1.300

0.194

− 0.007

− 0.099

0.921

− 0.021

− 0.236

0.813

0.054

0.964

0.335

0.033

0.578

0.563

Time spent outside

− 0.163

− 2.210

0.027*

− 0.113

− 2.257

0.024*

− 0.088

− 1.981

0.048*

− 0.159

− 2.199

0.028*

0.064

0.702

0.483

− 0.133

− 2.353

0.019*

− 0.096

− 1.659

0.097

(B)

                     

(Intercept)

− 1.930

− 2.665

0.008**

− 0.500

− 1.040

0.298

− 0.861

− 1.973

0.048*

− 1.326

− 1.886

0.059

− 2.160

− 2.521

0.012*

− 1.092

− 2.034

0.042*

− 1.688

− 2.902

0.004**

Country of residence: Germany

− 0.588

− 3.134

0.002**

− 0.521

− 4.047

0.000***

− 0.608

− 5.534

0.000***

− 1.115

− 6.274

0.000***

− 0.452

− 1.995

0.046*

0.006

0.040

0.968

− 0.169

− 1.129

0.259

Gender: female

0.144

0.692

0.489

0.090

0.659

0.510

0.178

1.455

0.146

0.445

2.048

0.041*

0.431

1.609

0.108

− 0.271

− 1.928

0.054

0.268

1.575

0.115

Age

− 0.014

− 2.019

0.044*

− 0.002

− 0.395

0.693

− 0.010

− 2.786

0.005**

− 0.008

− 1.291

0.197

− 0.014

− 1.819

0.069

− 0.002

− 0.499

0.618

− 0.025

− 4.555

0.000***

Highest education

0.003

0.056

0.955

− 0.061

− 1.503

0.133

0.051

1.332

0.183

− 0.050

− 0.846

0.397

− 0.073

− 1.019

0.308

− 0.067

− 1.436

0.151

0.023

0.471

0.638

Concerned about life stability

0.134

2.021

0.043*

0.201

4.365

0.000***

0.142

3.553

0.000***

0.087

1.330

0.183

0.215

2.786

0.005**

0.148

2.795

0.005**

0.092

1.726

0.084

Hopeful for an end of COVID19

− 0.093

− 1.309

0.190

− 0.116

− 2.297

0.022*

− 0.058

− 1.350

0.177

− 0.207

− 3.021

0.003**

− 0.066

− 0.755

0.450

− 0.041

− 0.710

0.478

− 0.025

− 0.446

0.656

Financial impact: yes

0.015

0.207

0.836

− 0.075

− 1.430

0.153

− 0.010

− 0.236

0.813

0.086

1.244

0.213

− 0.074

− 0.829

0.407

0.000

− 0.006

0.995

− 0.062

− 1.029

0.303

Work-changes—home office: yes

0.167

0.840

0.401

− 0.080

− 0.601

0.548

− 0.126

− 1.085

0.278

− 0.130

− 0.687

0.492

− 0.026

− 0.105

0.916

0.231

1.510

0.131

− 0.003

− 0.020

0.984

Work-changes—unpaid leave: yes

0.819

2.158

0.031*

0.255

0.845

0.398

0.128

0.445

0.657

0.240

0.597

0.551

0.342

0.649

0.517

0.634

2.064

0.039*

0.258

0.697

0.486

Work-changes—lost job: yes

0.366

1.087

0.277

0.269

1.099

0.272

− 0.059

− 0.234

0.815

− 0.778

− 1.628

0.103

0.204

0.438

0.661

0.226

0.768

0.442

0.233

0.802

0.423

Work-changes—no change: yes

0.294

1.223

0.221

− 0.186

− 1.067

0.286

0.112

0.793

0.428

− 0.029

− 0.126

0.899

0.552

2.138

0.033*

0.334

1.852

0.064

0.289

1.594

0.111

Impact on quality of family relations

− 0.145

− 1.478

0.139

− 0.211

− 3.067

0.002**

− 0.159

− 2.657

0.008**

0.106

1.125

0.261

− 0.177

− 1.454

0.146

0.003

0.035

0.972

0.068

0.880

0.379

Impact on quality of social relations

− 0.411

− 3.968

0.000***

− 0.244

− 3.420

0.001***

− 0.102

− 1.666

0.096

− 0.233

− 2.409

0.016*

− 0.180

− 1.418

0.156

− 0.377

− 4.762

0.000***

− 0.334

− 4.082

0.000***

Physical health status

0.187

2.101

0.036*

0.109

1.758

0.079

0.149

2.737

0.006**

0.189

2.214

0.027*

0.287

2.620

0.009**

0.078

1.095

0.273

0.059

0.834

0.404

Mental health status

0.567

6.257

0.000***

0.441

7.174

0.000***

0.298

5.608

0.000***

0.246

2.936

0.003**

0.336

3.167

0.002**

0.356

5.247

0.000***

0.562

7.979

0.000***

  1. *< .05; **< .01; ***< .001