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Table 1 List of MI concepts and strategies, cross-cultural concerns addressed during field-testing, and the adaptation of the finalized MI concepts and strategies

From: Cross-cultural adaptation of motivational interviewing for use in rural Nepal

MI concepts or strategy

Cross-cultural concern

Adaptation

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

A commonly used word for Motivational in Nepali, prerena, is closer to “inspiration.” Similarly, the term “interviewing” could invoke a formal process of eliciting a response from patients

Ichhya badhaune paramarsha, which conveys that healthcare providers' role is to enhance patients' motivation

Partnership

Participants believed that “patients do not have expertise” as expertise lies with the provider

Birami sanga pani bisesh gyan huncha, which back translates to "patients also have specific knowledge that providers lack"

Autonomy

Commonly believed that “sometimes family members may have to take coercive measures”

Swatantrata back-translates to "freedom." It implies that patients are free to make their health decisions

Compassion

No concern

Karuna back translates to “compassion”

Evocation

No concern

Birami bata sikne, which back translates to "learn from the patients." It conveys that our goal as healthcare providers is to have patients share solutions about their health

Open-ended questions

No concern

Khula prashna sodhne, which translates to "ask open questions"

Affirmation

Thought to be effective with patients who are most resistant to change

Samarthan garne back-translates to "being supportive"

Reflective listening

It was considered a useful strategy to engage with patients

Often, reflections were turned into questions by using tag questions such as "right?"

Shabdantaran garne wa doharaune back-translates to "modifying some of the words or repeating them"

Summarize

Participants were familiar with the strategy and agreed it was helpful to keep patients engaged

Saransha sunaune back-translates to “convey the summary”

Change talk

No concern

Pariwartan ka shabdaharu back translates to “words relating to change”