Effects of a positive thinking program on hope and sleep quality in Iranian patients with thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial

Table 4 Inter-group and intra-group comparison of sleep quality scores of patients with thalassemia major

Time		Before intervention		Immediately after intervention		One month after the intervention		P-value*
Variable	Group	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	P-value*
Total sleep quality	Experimental	8.7	3.7	5.3	2.0	4.2	2.1	< 0.001
	Control	7.2	3.0	6.9	2.3	7.0	3.3	0.726
	P value**	0.084		0.004***		< 0.001****
Subjective sleep quality	Experimental	1.6	0.84	1.03	0.4	0.70	0.46	< 0.001
	Control	1.25	0.71	1.17	0.5	1.17	0.5	0.545
	P value**	0.063		0.225		0.001
Sleep latency	Experimental	2.0	1.0	1.38	0.88	1.12	0.76	< 0.001
	Control	1.61	0.81	1.74	0.71	1.84	0.9	0.183
	P value**	0.066		0.109		0.001
Sleep duration	Experimental	0.96	1.07	0.41	0.56	0.32	0.59	0.001
	Control	0.51	0.82	0.51	0.75	0.76	0.9	0.155
	P value**	0.117		0.831		0.026
Sleep efficiency	Experimental	0.77	1.14	0.45	0.72	0.19	0.47	0.046
	Control	0.92	1.15	0.64	0.90	0.79	0.97	0.326
	P value**	0.483		0.457		0.002
Sleep disturbances	Experimental	1.54	0.50	1.09	0.30	1.06	0.35	< 0.001
	Control	1.50	0.55	1.5	0.50	1.44	0.60	0.850
	P value**	0.623		0.001		0.001
Use of sleep medication	Experimental	0.29	0.73	0.09	0.30	0.19	0.60	0.076
	Control	0.3	0.76	0.15	0.43	0.28	0.6	0.206
	P value**	0.864		0.660		0.402
Daytime dysfunction	Experimental	1.51	0.81	0.87	0.49	0.64	0.66	< 0.001
	Control	0.89	0.71	1.15	0.53	0.97	0.62	0.104
	P value**	0.003		0.029		0.019

ISSN: 2050-7283