Validation study of the Italian version of Temporal Focus Scale: psychometric properties and convergent validity

BMC Psychology

Table 10 Scoring directions of TFS-I

Factor	Low	Medium	High	M	DS	SE	SK	SE	KU	SE
Total sample (N = 1458)
PF	4–11	12–16	17–28	14.80	3.28	.12	.54	.09	− .56	.18
FF	3–10	11–15	16–21	13.50	3.54	.13	.28	.09	− .61	.18
CF	3–12	13–16	17–21	15.33	3.08	.11	− .07	.09	-.52	.18
Males (N = 478)
PF	4–11	12–15	16–28	14.32	3.33	.22	.65	.16	− .24	.31
FF	3–9	10–14	15–21	12.87	3.62	.23	.48	.16	− .39	.31
CF	3–12	13–16	17–21	15.19	3.15	.20	.10	.16	− .61	.31
Females (N = 980)
PF	4–11	12–17	18–28	15.03	3.24	.15	.51	.11	− .69	.22
FF	3–10	11–15	16–21	13.81	3.46	.16	.21	.11	− .65	.22
CF	3–12	13–16	17–21	15.40	3.05	.14	− .16	.11	− .44	.22

The score ranges (low, medium, high) correspond to the percentiles below 25, 25–75, above 75
PF past focus, FF future focus, CF current focus, SE standard error, SK skeweness, KU kurtosis

ISSN: 2050-7283