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Table 2 Associations between physical injury prevalence, circumstances, and causes of most serious physical injury in the past 12 months and PTSD and depressive symptoms (N = 18,382)

From: Associations of serious physical injuries with posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among university students in 26 countries

Variable (#missing cases)

Response

Sample

PTSD symptoms

Nagelkerke R square

Depressive symptoms

Nagelkerke R square

N (%)

AOR (95% CI)1

AOR (95% CI)1

Annual injury prevalence

      

Most serious injury in the past 12 months (#0)

No

13,834 (75.3)

1 (Reference)

0.04

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

4548 (24.7)

1.35 (1.18, 1.56)***

 

1.49 (1.32, 1.67)***

 

What were you doing when the most serious injury happened?

      

Playing or training for a sport (#0)

No

17,200 (93.6)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

1182 (6.4)

0.92 (0.74, 1.14)

 

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

 

Walking or running, but not as part of playing or training for a sport (#1)

No

17,908 (97.4)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

473 (2.6)

1.46 (1.03, 2.07)*

 

1.62 (1.25, 2.08)***

 

Riding a bicycle, scooter (#1)

No

18,215 (99.1)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

166 (0.9)

2.11 (1.30, 3.43)**

 

2.28 (1.41, 3.68)**

 

Riding a motor cycle (#1)

No

18,039 (98.1)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

342 (1.9)

1.10 (0.79, 1.53)

 

0.61 (0.26, 1.40)

 

Riding or driving in a car or other motor vehicle (#1)

No

18,208 (99.1)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

173 (0.9)

1.43 (0.90, 2.28)

 

1.75 (1.11, 2.78)*

 

Doing any paid or unpaid work, including housework, yard work, or cooking (#1)

No

17,992 (97.9)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

389 (2.1)

1.68 (1.38, 2.05)***

 

1.89 (1.49, 2.40)***

 

Nothing (#1)

No

17,220 (93.7)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

1161 (6.3)

1.13 (0.81, 1.59)

 

1.11 (0.87, 1.41)

 

Something else (#1)

No

17,720 (96.4)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

661 (3.6)

1.75 (1.43, 2.15)***

 

1.51 (1.22, 1.88)***

 

What was the major cause of the most serious injury

      

I was in a motor vehicle accident or hit by a motor vehicle (#108)

No

17,992 (98.5)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

282 (1.5)

1.39 (0.99, 1.96)

 

1.37 (0.75, 2.50)

 

I was on a motor cycle (#108)

No

17,949 (98.2)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

325 (1.8)

1.38 (0.92, 2.07)

 

0.92 (0.42, 2.03)

 

I fell (#108)

No

17,166 (93.9)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

1108 (6.1)

1.37 (1.15, 1.64)***

 

1.37 (1.14, 1.04)**

 

Something fell on me or hit me (#108)

No

17,963 (98.3)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

311 (1.7)

1.35 (0.91, 2.02)

 

1.60 (1.16, 2.19)**

 

I was fighting with someone (#108)

No

18,114 (99.1)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

160 (0.9)

1.76 (1.17, 2.66)**

 

2.01 (1.30, 3.12)**

 

I was attacked, assaulted, or abused by someone (#108)

No

18,196 (99.6)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

78 (0.4)

2.65 (1.77, 3.98)***

 

2.53 (1.44, 4.47)**

 

I was in a fire or too near a flame or something hot (#108)

No

18,184 (99.5)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

90 (0.5)

2.20 (1.36, 3.56)**

 

1.48 (0.94, 2.32)

 

Animal bite (#108)

No

18,158 (99.4)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

116 (0.6)

1.05 (0.59, 1.87)

 

1.20 (0.53, 2.73)

 

Something else caused my injury (#108)

No

17,080 (93.5)

1 (Reference)

0.03

1 (Reference)

0.03

 

Yes

1194 (6.5)

1.40 (1.17, 1.69)***

 

1.44 (1.21, 1.72)***

 
  1. AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval; adjusted for age, sex, wealth status, country, social support and heavy alcohol use;
  2. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001